Phototoxic and Photoallergic Reactions

Gonçalo, Margarida

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03827-3_18

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Several antibiotics and related drugs are associated with photosensitive reactions, e.g., amoxicillin, ciprofl oxacin, clofazimine, dapsone, demeclocycline, doxycycline, enoxacin, fl ucytosine, griseofulvin, lomefl oxacin, minocycline, nalidixic acid, norfl oxacin, ofl oxacin, oxyfl oxacin, oxytetracycline, pyrazinamide, sulfonamide, tetracycline, trimethoprim, etc. 9,[15][16][17] . In general, it is noted that photosensitive reactions are often induced by compounds with halogen elements (amiodarone, chlorpromazine, fl uoroquinolones, chloroquine, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.).…”

Section: Drugs and Substances Associated With Sensitivity To The Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photosensitive reactions are also commonly related to chlorpromazine (antipsychotic), particularly when administered in high doses, and can cause skin lesions like burning and painful erythema (appearing in a few minutes after exposure) which can last for more than 24 hours, and sometimes golden-yellow or graphitegray pigmentation may occur, mainly on sun-exposed areas 15 . In recent years, photosensitive reactions have appeared with newer drugs such as targeted anticancer therapies, for example BRAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib (observed in 31%), dabrafenib, etc.…”

Section: Drugs and Substances Associated With Sensitivity To The Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients who report photosensitivity should be asked about the medications they take and the products that are applied to their skin 15 . In patients who take drugs over a longer period of time (e.g., NSAIDs, cardiovascular drugs, etc.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Th Erapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, drug-induced photosensitivity reactions can occur in persons of any age. Th ere are data showing that skin reactions to drugs appear in the form of photosensitive eruption in 8% of cases 15 . Generally, photoallergic reactions are more common in men than in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically, photoallergic reactions to a drug usually manifest as a pruritic eczematous eruption, and in the acute phase there is erythema and vesicles, while more chronic exposure results in erythema, lichenifi cation and scaling [7][8][9][10]15 . Opposed to phototoxic reactions, photoallergic skin lesions can also spread out of the sunexposed area, and hyperpigmentation does not occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug-Induced Photosensitivity – a Continuing Diagnostic Challenge

Lugović-Mihić

Duvančić

Ferček

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY -When taking diff erent drugs, their possible side eff ects on the skin should be considered, including skin reactions connected to photosensitivity. Th is photosensitivity caused by drugs can appear as phototoxic reactions (which occur more often) or photoallergic reactions (which occur less often and include allergic mechanisms). Th e following drugs stand out as medications with a high photosensitivity potential: nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cardiovascular drugs (such as amiodarone), phenothiazines (especially chlorpromazine), retinoids, antibiotics (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, especially demeclocycline and quinolones), etc. In recent years, photosensitive reactions to newer drugs have appeared, e.g., targeted anticancer therapies such as BRAF kinase inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib), EGFR inhibitors, VEGFR inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, etc. In patients taking drugs over a longer period of time (e.g., NSAIDs, cardiovascular drugs, etc.), a particular problem arises when an unrecognized drug-induced photosensitivity on the skin manifests in summer months. When taking patient histories, the physician/dermatovenereologist should bear in mind that any drug the patient is currently taking may be the cause of skin reactions. Th erefore, patients who use potentially photosensitive drugs and treatments on a long term basis should be warned of the possibility of these side eff ects on their skin and advised to avoid direct exposure to sunlight and to use adequate photoprotection. If patients carefully protect themselves from the sun, it is often not necessary to stop treatments that include photosensitive drugs. If such reactions appear, anti-infl ammatory and antiallergic therapies should be introduced.

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Section: Drugs and Substances Associated With Sensitivity To The Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drugs and Substances Associated With Sensitivity To The Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis and Th Erapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%