Phototoxic Bullae Among Celery Harvesters

Birmingham, Donald J.; Key, Marcus M.; Tubich, George E.; Perone, Vernon B.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1961.01580070079008

Cited by 80 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The continuation of plant contact until next day strongly diminished signs of skin photosensitivity. Birmingham et al (1961) noticed the same phenomenon in their experiments with celery. Some authors have used an open application for up to 10 min with alcoholic extracts of plants without a definite occlusion and irradiated the skin after waiting 15 min to 1 h (van Dijk 1963, Kuske 1940, Pathak et al 1960.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Phytophotodermatitis An experimental study using the chamber method

Suhonen

1977

Contact Dermatitis

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Experimental phytophotodermatitis was produced using crushed leaves from the gas plant, Dictamnus albus. The tests were made using the chamber method and irradiated with ordinary black light tubes. An occlusion time of not less than 30 min was needed to give a phototoxic reaction in all test subjects. An occlusion time 30-120 min gave the optimal results, but contact for 24 h produced only weak and inconsistent reactions. The phototoxic substance was readily absorbed into the skin within 10-15 min. The phototoxic tendency already began to disappear within 30 min after the tests were removed. UVA energy of 0.3 J/cm2 was enough to evoke a phytophotoreaction in all of the test subjects when other conditions were optimal. The reactions were enhanced by adding water to the test sites. Deep-freezing of the plant material did not destroy the phototoxicity within a 4-month period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The lack of measurements on UV A energy derived from the sun at Finland's latitude made it impossible to compare the UV A energy used in this study with that of the sun. Birmingham et al (1961) found that celery containing bergapten produced phytophotodermatitis even with an exposure of 30 sec of summer sunlight in Michigan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophotodermatitis An experimental study using the chamber method

Suhonen

1977

Contact Dermatitis

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“…Initially, it was believed that only celery infected with pink‐rot, a fungal parasite, was capable of inducing this response. The infection induced increased productions of furocoumarins in the celery and therefore led to the reaction (13,14). Now, celery bred to be resistant to infection, which has a longer shelf life, is known to have increased levels of photosensitizing furocoumarins.…”

Section: Furocoumarinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocontact dermatitis

DeLeo¹

2004

Dermatol Ther

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Photocontact dermatitis is not a common condition, but neither is it rare. Both photo-irritant contact dermatitis (PICD) and photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) are seen by most dermatologists in general practice. PICD is diagnosed on clinical grounds and is usually caused by furocoumarins in plants like limes and celery. PACD is caused primarily by sunscreens but can also be the result of fragrances and antibacterial agents. PACD can only be diagnosed by photo-patch testing that most dermatologists, even those who patch test and give phototherapy in their office, do not perform. The procedure as outlined in this manuscript is relatively simple and can easily be accomplished in the dermatologist's office.

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“…handlers, field workers, and processors (Birmingham et al, 1961;Legrain and Barthe, 1926). Celery dermatitis of the fingers, hands, and forearms is known to be caused by photosensitizing linear furanocoumarins (Scheel et al, 1963).…”

Section: Parsleys (Umbelliferae) and Citrus (Rutaceae) Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%