Phototransduction in a marine sponge provides insights into the origin of animal vision

Wong, Eunice; Anggono, Victor; Williams, Stephen R.; Degnan, Sandie M.; Degnan, Bernard M.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104436

Cited by 2 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The expression of A. queenslandica DRD-and TAAR-like genes were characterized using previously published developmental and cell type RNA-Seq data sets (NCBI Accession numbers PRJNA258388, PRJNA694780, PRJNA412708 and PRJNA435744) (Gaiti et al, 2015;Levin et al, 2016;Sebé-Pedrós et al, 2018;Sogabe et al, 2019;Wong et al, 2022). All raw expression counts generated using CEL-Seq2 were normalised using the Bioconductor package DESeq2 counts function and the 'normalised = TRUE' argument (Love et al, 2014).…”

Section: Analysis Of Drd-and Taar-like Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larval release was induced by heating the aquarium sea water by 1-2°C and larvae were collected and maintained in 0.22 μm filtered artificial seawater (FSW) in daylight at 25°C. All larval phototactic swimming assays were performed as described in Wong et al (2022). Briefly, ten larvae were added to the bright end of a transparent chamber (7.5 × 2.2 × 1.3 cm) that was filled with 20 mL FSW and had an ecologically relevant light gradient along the long axis of the chamber, with 950 and 80 mM photons m −2 s −1 at the bright and dark ends, respectively (Leys and Degnan, 2001;Wong et al, 2022).…”

Section: Larval Phototaxis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All larval phototactic swimming assays were performed as described in Wong et al (2022). Briefly, ten larvae were added to the bright end of a transparent chamber (7.5 × 2.2 × 1.3 cm) that was filled with 20 mL FSW and had an ecologically relevant light gradient along the long axis of the chamber, with 950 and 80 mM photons m −2 s −1 at the bright and dark ends, respectively (Leys and Degnan, 2001;Wong et al, 2022). All FSW controls and treatments were repeated three times.…”

Section: Larval Phototaxis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All FSW controls and treatments were repeated three times. The swimming behaviour of larvae in the chamber was filmed and the number of larvae appearing in each of four equally sized quartiles in the chamber (Q1-Q4 from bright end to dark end) was scored every 5 s for 30 s as previously described (Wong et al, 2022).…”

Section: Larval Phototaxis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite lacking a nervous system, sponges can respond to a range of stimuli (Leys and Degnan, 2001;Elliott and Leys, 2010;Leys, 2015;Ueda et al, 2016;Francis et al, 2017;Mah and Leys, 2017;Leys et al, 2019;Say and Degnan, 2020;Musser et al, 2021;Wong et al, 2022;Kornder et al, 2022). Their genomes also encode a large repertoire of GPCRs similar in composition and structure to other metazoans, including many lineage-specific Rh-GPCR genes organised in clusters in the genome, and putative metabotropic glutamate (mGluRs), GABA, adrenergic, serotonin, trace amine and dopamine receptors (Srivastava et al, 2010;Riesgo et al, 2014;Krishnan et al, 2015;Francis et al, 2017;Goulty et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Xiang,

Vilar Gomez,

Blomberg

et al. 2023

Front. Neural Circuits

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Interkingdom signalling within a holobiont allows host and symbionts to communicate and to regulate each other’s physiological and developmental states. Here we show that a suite of signalling molecules that function as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in most animals with nervous systems, specifically dopamine and trace amines, are produced exclusively by the bacterial symbionts of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Although sponges do not possess a nervous system, A. queenslandica expresses rhodopsin class G-protein-coupled receptors that are structurally similar to dopamine and trace amine receptors. When sponge larvae, which express these receptors, are exposed to agonists and antagonists of bilaterian dopamine and trace amine receptors, we observe marked changes in larval phototactic swimming behaviour, consistent with the sponge being competent to recognise and respond to symbiont-derived trace amine signals. These results indicate that monoamines synthesised by bacterial symbionts may be able to influence the physiology of the host sponge.

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Section: Analysis Of Drd-and Taar-like Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Larval Phototaxis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Larval Phototaxis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Larval Phototaxis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Xiang,

Vilar Gomez,

Blomberg

et al. 2023

Front. Neural Circuits

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Electrical Signaling Beyond Neurons

Monk,

Dennler,

Ralph

et al. 2024

Neural Computation

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Neural action potentials (APs) are difficult to interpret as signal encoders and/or computational primitives. Their relationships with stimuli and behaviors are obscured by the staggering complexity of nervous systems themselves. We can reduce this complexity by observing that “simpler” neuron-less organisms also transduce stimuli into transient electrical pulses that affect their behaviors. Without a complicated nervous system, APs are often easier to understand as signal/response mechanisms. We review examples of nonneural stimulus transductions in domains of life largely neglected by theoretical neuroscience: bacteria, protozoans, plants, fungi, and neuron-less animals. We report properties of those electrical signals—for example, amplitudes, durations, ionic bases, refractory periods, and, particularly, their ecological purposes. We compare those properties with those of neurons to infer the tasks and selection pressures that neurons satisfy. Throughout the tree of life, nonneural stimulus transductions time behavioral responses to environmental changes. Nonneural organisms represent the presence or absence of a stimulus with the presence or absence of an electrical signal. Their transductions usually exhibit high sensitivity and specificity to a stimulus, but are often slow compared to neurons. Neurons appear to be sacrificing the specificity of their stimulus transductions for sensitivity and speed. We interpret cellular stimulus transductions as a cell’s assertion that it detected something important at that moment in time. In particular, we consider neural APs as fast but noisy detection assertions. We infer that a principal goal of nervous systems is to detect extremely weak signals from noisy sensory spikes under enormous time pressure. We discuss neural computation proposals that address this goal by casting neurons as devices that implement online, analog, probabilistic computations with their membrane potentials. Those proposals imply a measurable relationship between afferent neural spiking statistics and efferent neural membrane electrophysiology.

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Phototransduction in a marine sponge provides insights into the origin of animal vision

Cited by 2 publications

References 104 publications

Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Electrical Signaling Beyond Neurons

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