Phototransformation and ecotoxicity of the drug Naproxen-Na

DellaGreca, Marina; Brigante, Marcello; Isidori, Marina; Nardelli, Angela; Previtera, Lucio; Rubino, Maria; Temussi, Fabio

doi:10.1007/s10311-003-0045-4

Cited by 87 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We found that UV-A pre-irradiated samples caused deformations of the protozoan S. ambiguum, while they were not toxic to the crustacean T. platyurus. DellaGreca et al (2004b), studying the phototransformation of naproxen in aquatic medium, isolated a dimeric photoproduct that was 10 times more toxic to the crustacean Daphnia magna than the parent compound. The authors also identified very toxic photoproducts of prednisolone and dexamethazone (DellaGreca 2004a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation and phototoxicity of thioridazine and chlorpromazine evaluated with chemical analysis and aquatic organisms

2007

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The photochemical behaviour of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and thioridazine (THR) incubated under VIS light and a UV-A lamp was investigated with a high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) and two bioassays. VIS light caused the decrease of CPZ and THR to 25% and 34% of the initial level, respectively, while UV-A degraded the drugs almost totally. CPZ and THR were very toxic to the protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum (Spirotox) and anostracan crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit F) with 24-h LC50 values of around 0.5 mg l(-1). In spite of the drastic decrease of the concentration of the drugs, the irradiated samples were toxic to the protozoan, especially when a sublethal end-point was taken into consideration. Contrary to the protozoan the crustacean was not sensitive to the products of photodegradation. Mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of dimers and trimers of the CPZ and mono-, di-, and tri-oxygenated derivatives of THR. The presented data give a strong indication of the importance of the investigation of the environmental fate of drugs, especially those known to be phototoxic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation and phototoxicity of thioridazine and chlorpromazine evaluated with chemical analysis and aquatic organisms

2007

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“…Xenobiotics can undergo a variety of abiotic and biological processes in surface waters, including most notably the photochemical reactions. An important issue is that environmental transformation yields intermediates that are sometimes more stable and toxic than the parent compounds (DellaGreca et al, 2003). In addition to direct photolysis, indirect photochemistry can be important and it does not require the relevant pollutants to absorb sunlight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoenhanced transformation of nicotine in aquatic environments: Involvement of naturally occurring radical sources

et al. 2014

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“…This finding is even more significant, because direct photolysis is the main sink of triclosan in surface waters [26]. Indeed, the photodegradation of a pollutant is not always beneficial to the environment, and the environmental and health impact of transformation products (TPs) is to be considered as well [28,29]. Another interesting example is the direct photolysis of the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine that yields, amongst other TPs, mutagenic acridine ( Figure 3.12) [5,30,31].…”

Section: Direct Photolysismentioning

confidence: 99%