Phototropism: Translating light into directional growth

Hohm, Tim; Preuten, Tobias; Fankhauser, Christian

doi:10.3732/ajb.1200299

Cited by 78 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(323 reference statements)

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“…While it is currently not known whether RPT2 also interacts with CUL3, it is worth noting that BTB domain-containing proteins are thought to bind to their respective CRL3 complexes as homodi-, heterodi-, or oligomers (Perez-Torrado et al, 2006). Phototropism under low BL might therefore require the action of CRL3 NPH3 , whereas under high BL, the function of CRL3 NPH3/RPT2 might be necessary (Hohm et al, 2013). In this context, it is tantalizing to further speculate that CRL3 NPH3 is responsible for the mono/multiubiquitination of phot1 (under both low-and high-intensity BL conditions) and that a separate CRL3 NPH3/RPT2 complex mediates the polyubiquitination of phot1 under high BL conditions.…”

Section: Rpt2: An Nrl Family Member Involved Primarily Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central to this model is the plant hormone auxin and its environmentally regulated differential accumulation. Although de novo synthesis of new auxin, the predominant active form being indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), can occur in most tissues of a plant (Peer et al, 2011;Ljung, 2013), the differential accumulation of auxin in response to tropic stimulation is generally believed to result from alterations in long-range and local (short-range) auxin transport (Christie and Murphy, 2013;Hohm et al, 2013;Ljung, 2013;Spalding, 2013) (Figure 1). Given the ionic nature of IAA, and the typical pH differences between the inside of cells (neutral pH) and their surrounding connective cell wall material (acidic pH), thermodynamic properties dictates that at least the efflux of auxin from cells during intercellular movement must be facilitated (Goldsmith, 1977) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Auxin Transport and The Establishment Of A Differential Gradmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement

et al. 2014

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Section: Rpt2: An Nrl Family Member Involved Primarily Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auxin Transport and The Establishment Of A Differential Gradmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement

et al. 2014

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“…The coding region of TFL is 1,185 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 394 amino acids, which is 59.2% identical to WFL (GenBank accession No: AB231888), a LFY/FLO homologous gene from the species of common wheat (Shitsukawa et al, 2006 Figure Figure 4 4. Discuss Auxin plays an important role in the process of plant growth and development (Hohm et al, 2013). 0.1 mM IBA were the most effective in promoting plant growth, and photosynthetic capability.…”

Section: Expression Of Tfl During Spike Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxins Regulations of Branched Spike Development and Expression of TFL, a LEAFY-Like Gene in Branched Spike Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Wang¹,

Fulai²,

Qingrong³

et al. 2017

JAS

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Branched spike wheat is a hexaploid germplasm with branched rachis on its main rachises, and the crucial period for branched rachises occurrence and development is just after the two ridges stage of shoot apex. Natural [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3butyric acid (IBA)] and synthetic [(1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)] auxins were applied at this period to investigate the spike traits, seedling growth and photosynthesis related characters and expression of a putative homologue of the LEAFY in branched spike wheat. The four types of experienced auxins induced similar effects on these foresaid characters, although the impact extents were different among the auxins treatments. More branched rachis, spikelets, fertile florets and longer branched rachis were obtained in plants with IAA and IBA at 0.1 mM or NAA and 2,4-D at 1.0mM than those plants with no auxin treated. Auxin treatments also increased fresh and dry mass, photosynthetic pigment and parameters. TFL, a LEAFY-like gene was cloned in branched spike wheat and TFL mRNA expression was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Application of the auxins accelerated the rise in TFL expression during the periods of branched rachises occurrence and extension. The data supports the hypothesis that auxins play a central role in the regulation branched spike development and TFL might correlate with the development of branched rachises in branched spike wheat.

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“…Although the exact nature of the responsible molecule(s) that are involved in the Cornish Mallow's light perception are unknown, blue light photoreception in other plants has been attributed to the plasma membrane flavoproteins, phototropin and cryptochrome 20 .…”

Section: Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic photo-actuation: progress and challenges

et al. 2016

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Photo-actuation, such as that observed in the reversible sun-tracking movements of heliotropic plants, is produced by a complex, yet elegant series of processes. In the heliotropic leaf movements of the Cornish Mallow, photo-actuation involves the generation, transport and manipulation of chemical signals from a distributed network of sensors in the leaf veins to a specialized osmosis driven actuation region in the leaf stem. It is theorized that such an arrangement is both efficient in terms of materials use and operational energy conversion, as well as being highly robust. We concern ourselves with understanding and mimicking these light driven, chemically controlled actuating systems with the aim of generating intelligent structures which share the properties of efficiency and robustness that are so important to survival in Nature. In this work we present recent progress in mimicking these photo-actuating systems through remote light exposure of a metastable state photoacid and the resulting signal and energy transfer through solution to a pH-responsive hydrogel actuator. Reversible actuation strains of 20% were achieved from this arrangement, with modelling then employed to reveal the critical influence hydrogel pKa has on this result. Although the strong actuation achieved highlights the progress that has been made in replicating the principles of biomimetic photo-actuation, challenges such as photoacid degradation were also revealed. It is anticipated that current work can directly lead to the development of high-performance and low-cost solartrackers for increased photovoltaic energy capture and to the creation of new types of intelligent structures employing chemical control systems.

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Phototropism: Translating light into directional growth

Cited by 78 publications

References 204 publications

Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement

Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement

Auxins Regulations of Branched Spike Development and Expression of TFL, a LEAFY-Like Gene in Branched Spike Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Biomimetic photo-actuation: progress and challenges

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