Photovoltage Energy Exploitation in Iraq: Overview of Obstacles and Solutions

Abstract

Energy is an essential component of meeting social needs and economic growth. The international energy agency (IEA) estimates that a 53% increase in global energy consumption is expected by 2030. Pollution of environment, climate change, and the growing of demand energy worldwide require serious attention. Moreover, fossil fuels will significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions from combustion and exacerbate climate change. Renewable energies (REs) such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biofuels are the right solution to running out of fossil fuels, protecting the environment, and stopping climate degradation. Many countries have jumped into the field of energy production from photovoltaic panels to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and recorded success stories. This paper reviews the great efforts developed countries and the rest of the world made in investing in solar energy. Especially photovoltaic energy, and compares it with the reality of the situation concerning the neighboring countries of Iraq in general and in Iraq in particular, and shows the determinants of developing this industry and the difficulties it faces, especially in the field of providing electricity to cities and farms. Moreover, providing appropriate solutions based on the success stories achieved by other countries.

Green Wireless Networks for Iraq: Transitioning Wireless Base Stations to Renewable Energy

“…Hence, it has become imperative to embrace RESs such as solar and wind to mitigate the aforementioned environmental impacts and ensure a more sustainable future for Iraq with respect to source management and climate change prevention. However, to transition to RES, it is necessary to overcome challenges and obstacles, including the lack of clearly defined policies and insufficient investment in the infrastructure of renewable energy (Abdul et al, 2023;Al-Kayiem & Mohammad, 2019;Hassan & Kadhum, 2021;S. A. Mohammed et al, 2023;Naffakh et al, 2021;Naji & Enawi, 2023;Yahiaoui & Sabrina, 2023;Yehia et al, 2022).…”

Systems analysis for energy assets of Iraq influenced by water scarcity

“…Iraq is the second-largest OPEC producer of crude oil, and oil exports contribute over 90% of total government revenues (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2022). As decarbonization efforts in the energy sector gain traction across the world, renewable energy projects in Iraq have thus far been limited in their success by the high construction and maintenance costs, interference from high air temperatures and dust pollution, and gaps in renewable energy policy (Mohammed et al 2023). Thus, in the short-and medium-term, oil production (5) Non-oil energy and electric production in Iraq comes mostly from natural gas (Ersoy and Terrapon-Pfaff 2022); however, development of natural gas infrastructure has lagged behind that of oil (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2021).…”

Risk Model of Climate Change and Water Scarcity for Energy Resources of Iraq

“…As decarbonization efforts in the energy sector gain traction across the world, Iraq has considered implementation of lower carbon renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic. However, these projects have thus far been limited in their success by the high construction and maintenance costs, interference from high air temperatures and dust pollution, and gaps in renewable energy policy (Mohammed et al 2023). Thus, in the short-and medium-term, oil production and revenues remain a priority for maintaining energy stability and To prioritize energy infrastructure assets in Iraq, we consider a set of eight non-hydrologic criteria collected from stakeholders and agency reports and ve hydrologic criteria collected from NASA satellite-based datasets.…”