Very recently, the
ferroelectric photovoltaic property of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) has attracted much attention. However, the physical
mechanisms for its anomalous photovoltaic effect and switchable photovoltaic
effect are still largely unclear. Herein, a novel design was proposed
to realize a high photovoltaic output in BiFeO3 films by
manipulating its oxygen vacancy concentration through the alteration
of the Bi content. Subsequent results and analysis manifested that
the highest photovoltaic output was achieved in Bi1.05FeO3 films, differing 1000 times from that of Bi0.95FeO3 films. Simultaneously, the origin of photovoltaic
effect in all BiFeO3 films was suggested as the bulk photovoltaic
mechanism instead of the Schottky effect. Moreover, oxygen vacancy
migration should be the dominant factor determining the switchable
photovoltaic effect rather than the ferroelectric polarization. A
switchable Schottky-to-Ohmic interfacial contact model was proposed
to illustrate the observed switchable photovoltaic or diodelike effect.
Therefore, the present work may open a new way to realize the high
power output and controllable photovoltaic switching behavior for
the photovoltaic applications of BiFeO3 compounds.