“…In this subsection, the supremacy of the hybrid GTO-GBO technique is demonstrated using 23 benchmark iterations considered for all applied techniques is 200 and the number of populations is 50. In this subsection, the hybrid GTO-GBO algorithm is compared with several recent algo-rithms such as conventional GTO, GBO, artificial rabbits optimization (ARO) [54], and northern goshawk optimization (NGO) [55], [56] and the superiority of the achieved solution is tested using mean value and standard deviation (std functions in terms of the average value (F1, F3, F5, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F13, F14, F16, F17, F19, F21, F22, F23). It is clear from these results that the GTO-GBO algorithm can attain better solutions compared to several newly proposed algorithms in solving numerous of the benchmark functions.…”