Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser

Miura, Kiyotaka; Qiu, Jianrong; Inouye, Hiroyuki; Mitsuyu, Tsuneo; Hirao, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1063/1.120327

Cited by 734 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For each z-plane, the time and the y instances were needed to solve equation (6). Hence, a 2D mesh in time and space (t, y) was constructed.…”

Section: Planar Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be accomplished despite the fact that glasses may in some cases reflect up to 30% of the incident laser radiation [3]. Micro-channel fabrication, on the surface or in the bulk of glass sheets is widely used in various applications such as telecommunication, optical and bio-medical engineering [5,6]. Some studies [7,8] have investigated irradiating glass samples repeatedly along the same path to investigate the effect of the amount of radiation deposition on the microchannel fabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3D transient thermal modelling of laser microchannel fabrication in lime-soda glass

Issa

Brabazon

Hashmi

2008

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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Laser-fabricated microchannels in glass offer a wide range of bioengineering and telecommunication applications. A 1.5 kW CO 2 laser with 10.6 µm wavelength was used in this study to fabricate micorchannels on the surface of soda-lime glass sheets. A thermal model of the process was developed based on transient heat conduction due to a pulsed heat input. The resulting equation predicted the temperature distribution in the regions surrounding the laser focus. Temperature -time curves were drawn from those equations, which were useful in estimating the thermal history in the processed samples. The temperature distribution was also used to predict the channel geometry (based on the vaporisation temperature of glass). Most of the laser power used was consumed in bringing the glass to the vaporisation temperature. The model was able to predict the channel width, depth and surface roughness. These laser-fabricated channel characteristics were measured and compared to the results obtained from the thermal model. The laser power, frequency, pulse width and translation speed were the control parameters in both studies; hence a direct comparison was established between the model and the experimental results.

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“…For each z-plane, the time and the y instances were needed to solve equation (6). Hence, a 2D mesh in time and space (t, y) was constructed.…”

Section: Planar Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D transient thermal modelling of laser microchannel fabrication in lime-soda glass

Issa

Brabazon

Hashmi

2008

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…[1][2][3] Tight focusing of the laser into the bulk of material causes nonlinear absorption only within the focal volume, depositing energy that induces a permanent material modification. 4,5 A variety of photonic devices have already been created by translating a sample through the focus of a femtosecond laser.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining

Mills

Kazansky

Bricchi

et al. 2002

Applied Physics Letters

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Directly written embedded structures created within fused silica by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser are observed to strongly reflect blue light. Reflection emerges only in a direction parallel to the polarization axis of the writing laser. This anisotropic-effect is caused by a periodic modulation of refractive index of amplitude ⌬nϳ10 Ϫ2 with a characteristic period ⌳ϳ150 nm over a spot size ϳ1.5 m. We show that the origin of the anisotropic reflection is the primary cause of other anisotropic phenomena reported in recent experiments. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1492004͔The use of a femtosecond laser source to directly write structures deep within transparent media has recently attracted much attention due to its simplicity compared to lithographic methods, and its capability for writing in three dimensions. [1][2][3] Tight focusing of the laser into the bulk of material causes nonlinear absorption only within the focal volume, depositing energy that induces a permanent material modification. 4,5 A variety of photonic devices have already been created by translating a sample through the focus of a femtosecond laser. 6,7 Although molecular defects caused by such intense irradiation have been identified in fluorescence, electron-spin resonance and other studies, 8 the mechanism of induced modifications in glass is still not fully understood. Moreover, such structures in Ge-doped silica 9 and other glass materials 10 show an unexpected anisotropic light scattering which is dependent on the plane of light polarization. This has been interpreted in terms of photoelectrons moving along the direction of light polarization inducing index inhomogenities. More recently, uniaxial birefringence imprinted in structures written within fused silica plates has been observed but the origin of this anisotropic phenomenon remains a mystery. 11 In this letter, we will describe a further anisotropic property observed in silica after being irradiated by a femtosecond laser-strong reflection from the modified region occurring only along the direction of polarization of the writing laser. Our analysis suggests that this effect is also the primary cause of all previously reported anisotropic phenomena.A regeneratively amplified mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser ͑150 fs pulse duration, 250 kHz repetition rate͒ operating at ϭ850 nm was used to directly write microstructures into a fused silica plate (40ϫ40ϫ1 mm). In the experimental arrangement ͑Fig. 1͒, the collimated laser passes through an electronic shutter, variable neutral density filter and halfwave plate before a dichroic mirror reflecting only in the 400-700 nm region. The infrared laser light travels through the mirror and is focused through a 50 ϫ(numerical apertureϭ0.55) objective into the bulk of the sample, down to a beam waist diameter estimated to be ϳ1.5m. The silica sample is mounted on a computer-controlled linear-motor three-dimensional translation stage ͑of 20 nm resolution͒. To simultaneously observe the writing process, a charge coupled device...

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“…The writing speed was kept constant at 600 µm/s so that the laser dose was governed only by laser pulse energy. In this manner, graduated changes in the material were created, either from (i) structural changes below the damage threshold, primarily a consequence of structural densification resulting from localized melting and subsequent rapid cooling, or (ii) void formation due to micro-explosion at energy densities above it [7,19]. A series of seven 3-D box structures with sizes ranging from 10 to 100 µm wide was fabricated for …”

Section: Formation Of 3-d Structures Using a Femtosecond Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive 3-D imaging of femtosecond laser written volumetric structures using optical coherence microscopy

et al. 2010

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Nondestructive three-dimensional imaging of femtosecond laser-written buried structures is demonstrated using optical coherence microscopy providing lateral and depth resolution on a micron scale. This high speed technique, which requires no sample preparation, enables the visualization of volumetric structural modification created deep in transparent dielectric medium with high signal/noise contrast. Images of buried void structures with dimensions as large as 190 µm in length were obtained without shadowing effects impugning the image fidelity.

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Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser

Cited by 734 publications

References 4 publications

3D transient thermal modelling of laser microchannel fabrication in lime-soda glass

3D transient thermal modelling of laser microchannel fabrication in lime-soda glass

Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining

Nondestructive 3-D imaging of femtosecond laser written volumetric structures using optical coherence microscopy

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