Phreatic drainage conduits within quartz sandstone: Evidence from the Jurassic Precipice Sandstone, Carnarvon Range, Queensland, Australia

Wray, R. A. L.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.007

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Worldwide, spectacular sandstone peak and tower landforms are commonly attributed to the interaction of differing factors and scale, but mostly involving the internal geodynamical controls of the bedrock and external water erosion and mass failure (Wray 1997a(Wray , 2009Young et al 2009). They are also largely influenced by rock properties such as texture, cementation and sedimentary structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in many pioneering scientific documents, similar landscapes have been identified in a wide variety of environments around the world (e.g., Jennings 1979Jennings , 1983Young 1986aYoung , b, 1988Yanes and Briceiio 1993;Wray 1996Wray , 1997aWray , 1997bDoerr 1999;Martini 2000;Netoff and Shroba 2001;Doerr and Wray 2004;Adamovic 2005;de Melo and Giannini 2007;Cui et al 2007;Piccini and Mecchia 2009;Wray 2009;Young et al 2009;Figs. 7, 8).…”

Section: Regional Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Quartz sandstone peak forest landforms of Zhangjiajie Geopark, northwest Hunan Province, China: pattern, constraints and comparison

et al. 2011

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The Zhangjiajie Sandstone Peak Forest Geopark in northwest Hunan Province, China, is a comprehensive geopark containing many spectacular quartz sandstone landforms, limestone karst landscapes and various other important geoheritage resources. It is listed as a UNESCO World Geopark and is also part of the World Heritage Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area for its important landscape features. Many of the sandstone landforms, particularly the vast number of thin pillars or spires, are very unusual and serve as the core landscapes of the geopark. But Zhangjiajie displays a diverse range of landform types, exhibiting spectacular patterns and regular distributions. In this paper, the geomorphic traits, distribution pattern and constraints of the sandstone landforms of the Zhangjiajie Geopark are examined. Our study indicates that in the outcropping areas, the sandstones display four distinctive levels from 300 to 1,000 m above sea level, and these extend clearly from the highest sandstone plateau platform to the center of the valleys. The high sandstone platforms developed close to a flat high-level erosional surface, and subsequent erosion into this plateau has resulted in successively lower levels of landforms that transition gradually from peak walls, peak clusters, peak forests and peak pillars to remnant peaks in the lower valley bottoms. The form and distribution of the Zhangjiajie sandstone landforms are primarily dominated by the geological setting, particularly the presence of brittle structures (fractures and joint sets) trending NNW, ENE and NE. Triggered by the episodic tectonic movements, major streams and escarpments frequently occur along these structural directions, while some of the peak walls, peak clusters and peak forests have their longer elongated axes corresponding to NE or NNW directions, with an increased density of peak forms at the intersection of these fractures and joints. The geometry of the diverse sandstone landforms is also influenced to a certain degree by the climatic, water system distribution, lithologic properties, biological process, meteorological features and denudation processes. The suite of quartz sandstone landforms in Zhangjiajie can be compared with other sandstone landscapes regionally, and our interpretation of the sandstone peak forest formation processes offers a significant contribution to the study of topographic features and the geomorphic evolution of sandstone landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 90%

Quartz sandstone peak forest landforms of Zhangjiajie Geopark, northwest Hunan Province, China: pattern, constraints and comparison

et al. 2011

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“…These processes closely resemble the cave-forming ones operating in carbonate rock (e.g. Wray, 2009;Sauro, 2014). To form a cave in quartz sandstone, the fi rst step is the dissolution of quartz by waters that infi ltrate along intergranular boundaries, bedding planes, joints, microfi ssures and other weaknesses of the rock (Jennings, 1983;Wray, 1995Wray, , 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Not only is the siliceous cement removed from the rock, but also silica from the sand grains, etching the surface of the grains and loosening them, turning the rock poorly cemented (e.g. Wray, 2009;Figure 8). This process was termed "arenisation" by Martini (1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground chamber systems excavated by cenozoic ground sloths in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Frank¹,

Althaus²,

Dario³

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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A regional survey of the caves of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, listed hundreds of caves with varied origins. Among these, we identifi ed two large caves with special characteristics, one located in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul and the other in the municipality of Vale Real. Both evolve in an approximately horizontal plane, extend tens of meters into the interior of the respective elevations, and do not show any signs of present or past underground drainage. Concave surfaces on the walls stand out in their morphologies, which suggest that the caves originally constituted a system of ellipsoidal chambers, each chamber with original height of approximately 1.5 m and diameter between 3.5 and 7 m. The individual chambers were connected by relatively short tunnels.These chambers are best preserved in the cave of Santa Cruz do Sul; the cave of Vale Real appears to have been much disfi gured, both because of inorganic processes and anthropogenic action. The general characteristics of these two caves enable us to propose that they originated from the activity of digging ground sloths of the South American Megafauna. Their dimensions suggest that they were excavated and inhabited not by individual animals, but by groups of sloths. The original polished walls suggest that the caves were used for extended periods, possibly in the order of centuries. Their morphology is so different from other tunnel systems that were excavated by the Megafauna and found in southern Brazil, that we suggest that this morphology of chamber systems is associated with a specifi c species of ground sloth, whose identifi cation will be very diffi cult.

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“…sobre a defi nição de carste é compartilhada (URBANI, 1986b;YOUNG & YOUNG, 1992;SELF & MULLAN, 1996;WRAY, 1997a;WRAY, 1997b;WRAY, 1997c;DOERR, 1999;WRAY, 2009;SILVA, 2004;FABRI, 2011;UAGODA et al, 2011;FABRI & AUGUSTIN, 2013;SAURO et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevo Cárstico Em Rochas Siliciclásticas: Uma Revisão Com Base Na Literatura

Fabri

Auler

Augustin³

2014

Rev. Bras. Geomorfol.

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Resumo:O relevo cárstico foi durante muito tempo associado à presença de rochas carbonáticas, em função da predisposição das mesmas à atuação dos processos de dissolução. Estudos recentes vêm mostrando, no entanto, que feições semelhantes àquelas desenvolvidas nessas litologias estão também presentes em outros tipos de substrato rochoso, em especial nas siliciclásticas, desde que haja condições para que a dissolução e a retirada do material ocorram. Essas feições são consideradas como cársticas, uma vez que os processos de dissolução exercem papel fundamental no desenvolvimento das mesmas. Esta interpretação não constitui consenso entre os estudiosos, pois para alguns, essas feições não são resultantes predominantemente da dissolução, pois é baixa a solubilidade do quartzo. No Brasil, este tipo de rocha cobre grandes extensões territoriais, o que torna o entendimento dos fatores envolvidos na sua elaboração, bem como dos seus mecanismos associados, muito importantes para conhecer e compreender a evolução do relevo destas vastas áreas. Por se tratar de tema relativamente novo, sua discussão possibilita a difusão, e amplia o escopo desses estudos. O artigo busca contribuir para esse objetivo, ao apresentar com base na literatura, os principais aspectos conceituais e analíticos sobre o tema, com ênfase nas cavernas em rochas siliciclásticas. Informações sobre o Artigo Palavras-chave:Formas cársticas, rochas siliciclásticas, revisão da literatura.

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Phreatic drainage conduits within quartz sandstone: Evidence from the Jurassic Precipice Sandstone, Carnarvon Range, Queensland, Australia

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Quartz sandstone peak forest landforms of Zhangjiajie Geopark, northwest Hunan Province, China: pattern, constraints and comparison

Quartz sandstone peak forest landforms of Zhangjiajie Geopark, northwest Hunan Province, China: pattern, constraints and comparison

Underground chamber systems excavated by cenozoic ground sloths in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Relevo Cárstico Em Rochas Siliciclásticas: Uma Revisão Com Base Na Literatura

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