Phrenic nerve afferents elicited cord dorsum potential in the cat cervical spinal cord

Chou, Yang‐Ling; Davenport, Paul W.

doi:10.1186/1472-6793-5-7

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The diaphragm is able to project information regarding alterations in mechanical tension and pressure to the spinal cord, similar to limb muscles (Holt, Dalziel, & Davenport, 1991). By electrically stimulating afferent neurones in the phrenic nerve, neuronal activity in the dorsal horn was observed, specifically in the originating spinal segments (Chou & Davenport, 2005).…”

Section: Experimental Conditions Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence of Regional Interdependent Inhibition, using a ‘Diaphragm Release’ to specifically induce an immediate hypoalgesic effect in the cervical spine

McCoss

Johnston

Edwards

et al. 2017

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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In clinical practice, Osteopaths and Manual Therapists commonly direct treatment towards the diaphragm by the use of a 'Diaphragm Release'. Currently, there is paucity within the literature to support the use of this technique, specifically in pain outcomes. This research aims to support a neurophysiological mechanism based upon the osteopathic principle "The body is a unit". Demonstrating that directing treatment to distal tissue which is neurologically related can reduce pain in the originating spinal segments. This study investigated the immediate hypoalgesic effects of a 'Diaphragm Release' on pain pressure thresholds in the cervical spine. A single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled, repeated measures within subject, crossover design was conducted on 17 asymptomatic subjects. Pain pressure thresholds were measured bilaterally in the C4 paraspinal musculature, lateral end of the clavicle and upper third of the tibialis anterior before and after a 'Diaphragm Release'. Results demonstrated a statistically significant hypoalgesic effect was only found in the spinal segment C4 in both the right (p = 0.016) and left (p = 0.004) sides. Averaging the hypoalgesic effect from both sides equates to a 17.17% change which is considered clinically significant, the effect magnitude was calculated to be small but educationally significant for the right (d = 0.26) and left (d = 0.40) sides. This study supports a novel neurophysiological mechanism, Regional Interdependent Inhibition, to induce a hypoalgesic state at segmentally related spinal segments, specifically C4. Suggesting that directing treatment towards the diaphragm, using a 'Diaphragm Release', could induce an immediate clinically and statistically significant hypoalgesic effect local to the fourth cervical segment due to its relationship with the phrenic nerve.

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Section: Experimental Conditions Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence of Regional Interdependent Inhibition, using a ‘Diaphragm Release’ to specifically induce an immediate hypoalgesic effect in the cervical spine

McCoss

Johnston

Edwards

et al. 2017

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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“…4). As summarized in Table 2, ascending (spinobulbar) projections from phrenic afferents travel in the cervical dorsal columns (Chou and Davenport 2005;Goshgarian and Roubal 1986;Larnicol et al 1984;Nair et al 2017) as well as the lateral portion of the spinal cord (Speck and Revelette 1987b), including the spinothalamic tract (Bolser et al 1991a;Bolser et al 1991b).…”

Section: Supraspinal Projections Of Phrenic Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and physiology of phrenic afferent neurons

Nair

Streeter

Turner

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Large-diameter myelinated phrenic afferents discharge in phase with diaphragm contraction, and smaller diameter fibers discharge across the respiratory cycle. In this article, we review the phrenic afferent literature and highlight areas in need of further study. We conclude that ) activation of both myelinated and nonmyelinated phrenic sensory afferents can influence respiratory motor output on a breath-by-breath basis;) the relative impact of phrenic afferents substantially increases with diaphragm work and fatigue; ) activation of phrenic afferents has a powerful impact on sympathetic motor outflow, and) phrenic afferents contribute to diaphragm somatosensation and the conscious perception of breathing. Much remains to be learned regarding the spinal and supraspinal distribution and synaptic contacts of myelinated and nonmyelinated phrenic afferents. Similarly, very little is known regarding the potential role of phrenic afferent neurons in triggering or modulating expression of respiratory neuroplasticity.

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