Phthalate and Bisphenol Urinary Concentrations, Body Fat Measures, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Dutch School‐Age Children

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of urinary phthalates and bisphenols at age 6 years old with body fat and cardiovascular risk factors at 6 and 10 years and with the change from 6 to 10 years. Methods: Among 471 Dutch children, the phthalates and bisphenols urinary concentrations at 6 years and BMI, fat mass index, android fat mass, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, and lipids blood concentrations at 6 and 10 years were measured. Results: An interquartile range increase in din -octyl phthalate (DNOP) metabolites concentrations at 6 years was associated with an increased risk of overweight at 6 and 10 years (odds ratio: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11-1.87, and 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09-1.86, respectively). Also, higher DNOP metabolites concentrations were associated with higher fat mass index at 6 years, higher systolic blood pressure at 10 years, a decrease in highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in triglycerides concentrations from 6 to 10 years (P < 0.05). Higher total bisphenols and bisphenol A concentrations were associated with a decrease in BMI from 6 to 10 years (P < 0.01). Conclusions: DNOP metabolites are associated with overweight and an adverse cardiovascular profile in childhood. Total bisphenols and bisphenol A are associated with a decrease in BMI from 6 to 10 years.

Association of urine phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A levels and serum electrolytes with 24-h blood pressure profile in adolescents

“…In our study, we did not find a significant relationship between the tBPA levels and blood pressure profiles. Similarly, a study conducted with 471 Dutch children aged 6–10 years reported that there was no significant relationship between blood pressure and BPA after multiple testing corrections [ 27 ]. However, in a study conducted with 132 children aged 6–18 years in Iran, the urinary BPA concentrations of the participants were found to be 282.53 ± 166.02 μg/g-cre and a linear increase in blood pressure was reported among the tertiles determined according to the BPA concentration [ 80 ].…”

“…In addition to BPA being one of the endocrine disruptors, studies are showing its hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, obesity-forming, and carcinogenic effects [ 19 , 23 ]. The results of the few studies conducted in the pediatric age group on the relationship of BPA with cardiovascular diseases are inconsistent [ 24 – 27 ].…”

Associations of mid-childhood bisphenol A and bisphenol S exposure with mid-childhood and adolescent obesity

“…15 In contrast, the Generation R cohort study in the Netherlands found that BPS concentrations at age 6 years were inversely associated with BMI at age 10 years. 22…”

“…15 In contrast, the Generation R cohort study in the Netherlands found that BPS concentrations at age 6 years were inversely associated with BMI at age 10 years. 22 The difference in the direction and magnitude of associations of BPA and BPS with adiposity could be owing to differences in the biological pathways they affect. For instance, BPS may have more specific effects on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation than BPA through differentially expressed genes in preadipocytes.…”

“…15 In a recent cohort study, BPA and BPS concentrations at age 6 years were inversely associated with BMI z-scores at age 10 years. 22…”