Phthalate exposure and allergic diseases: Review of epidemiological and experimental evidence

Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Sripada, Kam; Becher, Rune; Bekö, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105706

Cited by 96 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies report associations between maternal phthalate exposure and development of children's reproductive system, 5 immune system, 6 metabolism, 7 and neurodevelopment 8 . These findings have been confirmed in several experimental in ‐ vitro / in vivo studies 5,6 . Following evidence of toxicity, some phthalates, including di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DnBP), di‐iso‐butyl phthalate (DiBP) butyl‐benzyl phthalate (BBzP), and di‐ethyl‐hexyl phthalate (DEHP), have been increasingly regulated 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study

et al. 2021

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Phthalates are widely used in consumer products. Exposure to phthalates can lead to adverse health effects in humans, with early‐life exposure being of particular concern. Phthalate exposure occurs mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. However, our understanding of the relative importance of different exposure routes is incomplete. This study estimated the intake of five phthalates from the residential indoor environment for 455 Swedish pregnant women in the SELMA study using phthalate mass fraction in indoor dust and compares these to total daily phthalate intakes back‐calculated from phthalate metabolite concentrations in the women's urine. Steady‐state models were used to estimate indoor air phthalate concentrations from dust measurements. Intakes from residential dust and air made meaningful contributions to total daily intakes of more volatile di‐ethyl phthalate (DEP), di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di‐iso‐butyl phthalate (DiBP) (11% of total DEP intake and 28% of total DnBP and DiBP intake combined). Dermal absorption from air was the dominant pathway contributing to the indoor environmental exposure. Residential exposure to less volatile phthalates made minor contributions to total intake. These results suggest that reducing the presence of low molecular weight phthalates in the residential indoor environment can meaningfully reduce phthalate intake among pregnant women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study

et al. 2021

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“…The urinary phthalate levels reflect the total phthalate exposure through ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption, but for most HMW phthalates diet is considered to be the primary exposure route (Wittassek et al, 2011). Human exposure to phthalates has been associated with immune diseases such as asthma and allergies (Agier et al, 2019;Bølling et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020). The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still not identified and effect biomarkers for phthalates in humans are limited (Baken et al, 2019;Bolling et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mice, airway and oral exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) results in airway inflammation or adjuvant effects indicative of sensitization, possibly due to a shift towards Th2 and Th17 responses and an expansion of follicular T helper cells (Tfh) (Alfardan et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2012;Han et al, 2014). Immunosuppressive effects of phthalates have also been reported, in terms of decreased phagocytic activity and inflammatory mediator release from macrophages, while increased release of Th2 mediators was reported from lymphocytes (Bølling et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune cell profiles associated with measured exposure to phthalates in the Norwegian EuroMix biomonitoring study – A mass cytometry approach in toxicology

Nygaard

Ulriksen

Hjertholm

et al. 2021

Environment International

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Background: Phthalate exposure has been associated with immune-related diseases such as asthma and allergies, but there is limited knowledge on mechanisms, effect biomarkers and thus biological support of causality. Objectives: To investigate associations between exposure to the phthalates DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and DiNP (diisononyl phthalate) and functional immune cell profiles. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 32 healthy adult Norwegian participants in the EuroMix biomonitoring study were selected based on high or low (n = 16) levels of urine metabolites of DEHP and DiNP. High-dimensional immune cell profiling including phenotyping and functional markers was performed by mass cytometry (CyTOF) using two broad antibody panels after PMA/ionomycin-stimulation. The CITRUS algorithm with unsupervised clustering was used to identify group differences in cell subsets and expression of functional markers, verified by manual gating. Results: The group of participants with high phthalate exposure had a higher proportion of some particular innate immune cells, including CD11c positive NK-cell and intermediate monocyte subpopulations. The percentage of IFNγ TNFα double positive NK cells and CD11b expression in other NK cell subsets were higher in the high exposure group. Among adaptive immune cells, however, the percentage of IL-6 and TNFα expressing naïve B cell subpopulations and the percentage of particular naïve cytotoxic T cell populations were lower in the high exposure group. Discussion: Cell subset percentages and expression of functional markers suggest that DEHP and DiNP phthalate exposure may stimulate subsets of innate immune cells and suppress adaptive immune cell subsets. By revealing significant immunological differences even in small groups, this study illustrates the promise of the broad and deep information obtained by high-dimensional single cell analyses of human samples to answer toxicological questions regarding health effects of environmental exposures.

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“…DBP has been shown to induce androgen-independent adverse outcomes and anti-androgenic effects among different mammalian models [ 29 ]. Studies have revealed that, in the presence of allergens, phthalates can act as adjuvants to induce respiratory and inflammatory responses in rodents [ 30 ]. Therefore, the development of methods for environmental phthalate removal is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fungus Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Edible Mushroom Cultivation for Phthalate Removal

Chang

Yang

2021

Microorganisms

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Spent mushroom composts (SMCs) are waste products of mushroom cultivation. The handling of large amounts of SMCs has become an important environmental issue. Phthalates are plasticizers which are widely distributed in the environment and urban wastewater, and cannot be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods. In this study, SMCs are tested for their ability to remove phthalates, including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP). Batch experiments reveal that BBP, DBP, and DEP can be degraded by the SMC enzyme extracts of four edible mushrooms: Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Auricularia polytricha. Potential fungus enzymes associated with BBP, DBP, and DEP degradation in SMCs (i.e., esterases, oxygenases, and oxidases/dehydrogenases) are uncovered by metaproteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. Bioreactor experiments indicate that the direct application of SMCs can remove BBP, DBP, and DEP from wastewater, through adsorption and biodegradation. The results of this study extend the application of white-rot fungi without laccases (e.g., Auricularia sp.) for the removal of organic pollutants which are not degraded by laccases. The application of SMCs for phthalate removal can be developed into a mycoremediation-based green and sustainable technology.

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Phthalate exposure and allergic diseases: Review of epidemiological and experimental evidence

Cited by 96 publications

References 181 publications

Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study

Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study

Immune cell profiles associated with measured exposure to phthalates in the Norwegian EuroMix biomonitoring study – A mass cytometry approach in toxicology

Application of Fungus Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Edible Mushroom Cultivation for Phthalate Removal

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