Phthalocyanine polymers. II. Synthesis and characterization of some metal phthalocyanine sheet oligomers

Achar, B. N.; Fohlen, G. M.; Parker, J. A.

doi:10.1002/pol.1982.170200711

Cited by 78 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…9 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, pyromellitic dianhydride urea, ammonium chloride, and ammonium molybdate were ground together and then placed in a threenecked flask with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer. Nitrobenzene was used as solvent, and the temperature of reaction solution maintained at 185°C for 12 h. The as-synthesized solid materials was finely ground and washed with methanol to remove nitrobenzene completely.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Copper-phthalocyanine Oligomermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they are brittle and difficult to process. 9 The P(VDF-TrFE) 50/50 mol % copolymer, which has a relatively high room temperature dielectric constant (ϳ 18), was chosen as the matrix. Compared with CuPc, the copolymer has very low dielectric loss and as the matrix, it can provide an insulation layer to CuPc particles to significantly reduce the dielectric loss in the composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High dielectric constant composites based on metallophthalocyanine oligomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) copolymer

Bai

Bharti

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Using a solution casting method, a high dielectric constant composite based on a copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) oligomer and a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer is developed. The experimental data show that the low field dielectric constant of the composites (with 55 wt % CuPc) can reach 1000 and the loss is ϳ0.5 at room temperature and 100 Hz. Because of the long-range electron delocalization in CuPc, which results in a strong space charge response of the composite to the external field, there is a strong frequency dispersion of the dielectric properties. In addition, the dielectric properties exhibit a nonlinear behavior with electric field. At a field of 10 kV/cm, the dielectric constant at 10 Hz reaches 4500; meanwhile the dielectric loss is also high. One of the unique attributes of the composite is its mechanical properties that remain very much the same as those of the polymer matrix. Even for a composite with 55 wt % CuPc (the volume fraction of CuPc in the composite is also in the similar range), the composite film is still flexible, with a Young's modulus of 1.2 GPa at room temperature.

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Section: Synthesis Of Copper-phthalocyanine Oligomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dielectric constant composites based on metallophthalocyanine oligomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) copolymer

Bai

Bharti

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…1 (R = 1NH 2 , M = Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) and pyromellitic dianhydride or benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, respectively, were stirred in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 25-70 8C to give the corresponding polyamide-acids. [78] These precursors are soluble, and films can be cast. Fairly flexible, tough films of the corresponding polyimides were then obtained by heating to 300 8C.…”

Section: Polymeric Phthalocyanines By Polycondensation Reactions Of Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalocyanines in Macromolecular Phases - Methods of Synthesis and Properties of the Materials

Wöhrle¹

2001

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

108

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Phthalocyanines (Pc) and related macrocycles in combination with organic or inorganic macromolecules are reviewed. From the structural point of view, the macrocyclic compounds in macromolecular phases are subdivided into five types. Syntheses are described in detail, and characteristic experimental procedures are given. The properties of the materials are discussed: conductivity and photoconductivity, electrical charge/discharge, electrocatalytic reductions, photocatalytic reductions/oxidations of and at thin film electrodes, catalytic and photocatalytic oxidations, photoinduced electron transfer.

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“…The elastic modulus of PolyCuPc is 2 GPa at room temperature. 16 PANI was synthesized using the conventional polymerization of aniline to a͒ Electronic mail: qxz1@psu.edu APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS VOLUME 84, NUMBER 22 31 MAY 2004 produce fine emeraldine hydrochloride conductive polymer particulates. 17 The PANI powder has an elastic modulus of 2.3 GPa at room temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All-organic dielectric-percolative three-component composite materials with high electromechanical response

Huang

Zhang

deBotton

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

196

125

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By combining the high-dielectric copper phthalocyanine oligomer ͑PolyCuPc͒ and conductive polyanline ͑PANI͒ within polyurethane ͑PU͒ matrix an all-organic three-component dielectric-percolative composite with high dielectric constant is demonstrated. In this three-component composite system, the high-dielectric-constant PolyCuPc particulates enhance the dielectric constant of the PU matrix and this combined two-component dielectric matrix in turn serves as the high-dielectric-constant host for the PANI to realize percolative phenomenon and further enhance the dielectric response. As a result, an electromechanical strain of 9.3% and elastic energy density of 0. Electroactive polymers ͑EAPs͒ are capable of converting energy in the form of electric charge and voltage to mechanical force and movement and vice versa. In recent years, several electroactive polymer actuator materials, whose responses are controlled by external electric fields, have generated considerable interest.1-4 However, one severe drawback of these EAPs is the very high operation electric field ͑Ͼ100 V/m͒ required to generate a high strain with elastic energy density much higher than those in the current available piezoelectric materials ͑elastic energy density Ͼ0.1 J/cm 3 ). 5,6 As has been pointed out in earlier publications, 7,8 one fundamental cause for such high fields is the low dielectric constant of these EAPs. From the energy conservation, the elastic energy density generated in an electroactive polymer cannot exceed the input electric energy density, which is K⑀ 0 E 2 /2 for a linear dielectric, where K is the dielectric constant, ⑀ 0 ϭ8.85ϫ10 Ϫ12 F/m, and E is the applied field. This simple fact points out the importance of raising the dielectric constant of the EAPs to achieve high electromechanical response with low applied fields.Recently high dielectric and electromechanical responses have been demonstrated in two-component composite actuator materials.7-9 Especially, a two-component percolative composite, fabricated by a combination of conductive polymer particulates ͓polyaniline ͑PANI͔͒ within the relaxor ferroelectric polymer matrix, raises the dielectric constant ͑Ͼ1000͒ substantially higher than the polymer matrix ͑ϳ50͒. 8,10,11 In composites of conductive fillers embedded in an insulation matrix, the variation of the dielectric constant of the composite with the concentration f of the conductive filler has been predicted to follow a critical behavior, 12,13

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Phthalocyanine polymers. II. Synthesis and characterization of some metal phthalocyanine sheet oligomers

Cited by 78 publications

References 4 publications

High dielectric constant composites based on metallophthalocyanine oligomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) copolymer

High dielectric constant composites based on metallophthalocyanine oligomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) copolymer

Phthalocyanines in Macromolecular Phases - Methods of Synthesis and Properties of the Materials

All-organic dielectric-percolative three-component composite materials with high electromechanical response

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