Phthalocyanines as Sensitive Materials for Chemical Sensors

Abstract

This paper provides a review of phthalocyan‐ ines suitable for the development of chemical sensors. Phthalocyanines may be utilized for different types of chemical sensors, including in particular electronic conductance sensors [such as semiconductive, field‐effect transistor (FET), solid‐state ionic and capacitance sensors], mass‐sensitive sensors utilizing a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic‐wave (SAW) sensors, and optical sensors. The phthalocyanines used are discussed in terms of their physical and chemical properties, as well as their sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility towards the detection of NO2 and organic solvent vapours. The interaction mechanism between phthalocyanine films and analyte molecules is also discussed.

A new unsymmetrical phthalocyanine with a single o-carborane substituent

“…Yield: 0. [2,3,9,10,16,17-Hexakis(hexylthio)-23-1-pentynyloxyethylthiophthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (5) 10 mg of 4-pentynoic acid (0.12 mmol) and 20 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane were added to a three-necked 50 mL flask. After the 4-pentynoic acid was solved, 150 mg (0.11 mmol) of 4 and 24 mg (0.12 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) were added.…”

“…Multifaceted electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of phthalocyanines have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers in diverse fields [1] such as catalysis [2], nonlinear optics [3], photovoltaic cells, solar energy conversion [4], chemical sensors [5,6], photodynamic cancer therapy [7,8], etc. The peripheral or nonperipheral substituents of phthalocyanines such as alkyl chains or bulky groups increase the solubility properties of corresponding phthalocyanines and make them beneficial in different application areas [9,10].…”

Optical amine sensor based on metallophthalocyanine

“…Upon exposure to toxic gases, some physical properties of the MPc layer, such as mass, electrical conductivity, or optical absorption, are modulated due to the MPc-gas molecule interactions (Zhou et al, 1996). Accordingly, many types of MPc gas sensors have been developed, e.g.…”

A study on quantitative classification of binary gas mixture using neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems

“…They may be identified quantitatively by changes of physical or chemical parameters of adsorbate/analyte systems such as the refracting index, capacitance, conductivity, total mass, etc. The total mass changes can be monitored by means of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, which are widely used as thickness monitors [6,7].…”