Phycocyanin from Spirulina sp: influence of processing of biomass on phycocyanin yield, analysis of efficacy of extraction methods and stability studies on phycocyanin

Ravi, Saranya; Pillai, Manoj G; Ravishankar, G. A.

doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00153-8

Cited by 390 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In contrast to the conclusions of Simis et al (2005), our experiments with C. raciborskii indicated that 5-9 freeze-thaw cycles were not necessary for the complete extraction of phycocyanin. Instead, our study agrees with the observations of Sarada et al (1999) and Zhu et al (2007), which suggested that 3-5 cycles were enough to achieve the highest extraction efficiency (Fig. 2) and were suitable when Chl-a concentrations of C. raciborskii and A. spiroides cultures were > 500 µg l −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Several extraction protocols have been described in the literature; Sarada et al (1999) reported that the total extracted PC concentration of Spirulina platensis was obtained by 3-5 freeze-thaw cycles, depending on whether samples were acid-treated or untreated. Viskari & Colyer (2003) suggested that the most effective method for PC determination was freezing and grinding frozen cyanobacteria with a pestle in a liquid nitrogen frozen mortar in the presence of extraction medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seppälä et al, 2007), sensitive fluorometric techniques (Gregor & Maršálek, 2005), remote sensing (e.g. Simis et al, 2005;Hunter et al, 2008aHunter et al, , 2008b, and in vitro extraction methods have all been used for cyanobacterial quantification (Sarada et al, 1999). A number of studies have been published on phycocyanin extraction methods and their comparative analyses (Zhu et al, 2007;Lawrenz et al, 2011;Zimba, 2012); however there is no standard protocol for the maximal extraction of phycocyanin from cyanobacteria cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction solution most frequently used is a phosphate buffer at a relatively high concentration (0.001 M to 0.05 M) (Furuki et al, 2003), but in some cases 90% acetone (Zimba, 2012), glycerol (Quesada & Vincent, 1993) or lysozyme (Boussiba & Richmond, 1979) have also been found suitable for cell wall rupturing. The extraction protocols are followed by spectrophotometric (Bennett & Bogorad, 1973, Sarada et al, 1999, liquid chromatographic, capillary (Viskari & Colyer, 2003) and gel electrophoretic (Soni et al, 2006), or single-step chromatographic analyses (Yan et al, 2010). Most studies have dealt with species originating from tropical or subtropical freshwater alkaline lakes (Spirulina platensis, Furuki et al, 2003;Silveira et al, 2007), salt water bodies (Oscillatoria quadripunctulata, Soni et al, 2006) or marine environments (Synechococcus sp., Yamanaka & Glazer, 1980), but there has been little investigation into PC extraction methods in fresh water (Marker et al, 1980;Patel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake

Horváth

Kovács

Riddick

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

104

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Phycocyanin (PC) is one of the water-soluble accessory pigments of cyanobacteria species, and its concentration in aquatic systems is used to estimate the presence and relative abundance of blue-green algae. PC concentration and the PC/Chl-a ratio of four N 2 -fixing filamentous cyanobacteria strains (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena spiroides, Aphanizomenon flosaquae and Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi) common to Lake Balaton (Hungary) were determined using repeated freezing and thawing. A strong linear correlation was found between the extracted PC and Chl-a concentrations for all strains at high Chl-a concentrations (almost stable PC/Chl-a ratio in the range of 20−100 µg l −1 Chl-a). Extraction of PC and Chl-a from samples with low biomass of cyanobacteria (less than 20 µg l −1 Chl-a) proved to be unreliable using the standard protocol of freeze-thaw cycles (coefficients of variation exceeding 10-15%). In order to find an extraction method that is robust in fresh waters characterized by low algae biomass (e.g. Lake Balaton), the effectiveness of four extraction methods (repeated freeze-thaw method and homogenization with mortar and pestle, Ultrasonic, and Polytron homogenizer) were compared using C. raciborskii. It was found that the efficiency of extraction of phycocyanin was highest when a single freeze-thaw cycle was followed by sonication (25% additional yield compared with using the freeze-thaw method alone). Applying this combined method to surface water samples of Lake Balaton, a strong correlation was found between PC concentration and cyanobacterial biomass (R 2 = 0.9436), whilst the repeated freezing-thawing method found no detectable PC content. Here we show that the combined sonication/freeze-thaw method could be suitable for measuring filamentous cyanobacteria PC content, even at low concentrations; as well as for the estimation of cyanobacterial contribution to total biomass in fresh waters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake

Horváth

Kovács

Riddick

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

104

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“…PC extraction was based on the findings of [22,23]. The water samples netted approximately 10 6 cyanobacteria cells per milliliter and were homogenized with an Ultra-Sonicator (Sonictopia Inc., Cheongju, Korea).…”

Section: Extraction Of Chl-a and Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Semi-Analytical Algorithms for Estimating Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin Concentrations in Inland Waters in Korea

et al. 2017

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Several semi-analytical algorithms have been developed to estimate the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and phycocyanin (PC) concentrations in inland waters. This study aimed at identifying the influence of algorithm parameters on the output variables and searching optimal parameter values. The optimal parameters of seven semi-analytical algorithms were applied to estimate the Chl-a and PC concentrations. The absorption coefficient measurements were coupled with pigment measurements to calibrate the algorithm parameters. For sensitivity analysis, the elementary effect test was conducted to analyze the influence of the algorithm parameters. The sensitivity analysis results showed that the parameters in the Y function and specific absorption coefficient were the most sensitive parameters. Then, the parameters were optimized via a single-objective optimization that involved one objective function being minimized and a multi-objective optimization that contained more than one objective function. The single-objective optimization led to substantial errors in absorption coefficients. In contrast, the multi-objective optimization improved the algorithm performance with respect to both the absorption coefficient estimates and pigment concentration estimates. The optimized parameters of the absorption coefficient reflected the high-particulate content in waters of the Baekje reservoir using an infrared backscattering wavelength and relatively high value of Y. Moreover, the results indicate the value of measuring the site-specific absorption if site-specific optimization of semi-analyical algorithm parameters was envisioned.

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Production of C‐phycocyanin and its potential applications

Kuddus

Singh

Thomas

et al. 2015

Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds

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Phycocyanin from Spirulina sp: influence of processing of biomass on phycocyanin yield, analysis of efficacy of extraction methods and stability studies on phycocyanin

Cited by 390 publications

References 5 publications

Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake

Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake

Optimizing Semi-Analytical Algorithms for Estimating Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin Concentrations in Inland Waters in Korea

Production of C‐phycocyanin and its potential applications

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