Phycoremediation strategies for rapid tertiary nutrient removal in a waste stream

Filippino, Katherine C.; Mulholland, Margaret R.; Bott, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.06.011

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Physical/ chemical methods such as reverse osmosis or ion exchange can require high capital and operating expenses, and create other waste streams. The benefit of phycoremediation is the ability of microalgae to remove very low amounts of residual PO 3À 4 and NO À 3 without any supplemental chemicals and using solar energy for photosynthetic growth (Filippino et al, 2015). Algal photosynthesis could also provide oxygenated water to supplement aerobic breakdown of organic material in the activated sludge step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phycoremediation of Municipal Wastewater by the Cold‐Adapted Microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19

Hage

Luckett

Holbrook

2018

Water Environment Research

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Present municipal wastewater treatment technologies often require substantial energy inputs, and fail to completely remove nitrate and phosphate before discharging effluent. In contrast, using the cold-adapted oleaginous microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek 19 decreased levels of both these polluting ions to 0 mg/dL. Concurrent biomass production was greater at 10 8C than at 22 8C, showing that phycoremediation occurred at low temperatures previously thought to be unsuitable for algal-based treatment. Algal growth with uptake of nitrate and phosphate required only short bursts of aeration to suspend cells and maintain CO 2 supply for photosynthesis. To save energy, culture aeration for 1 hour, 4 times per day, including during the dark cycle, yielded cell productivity and phycoremediation nearly equivalent to using 24-hour aeration. The authors conclude that Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 algae represent an economical effluent treatment at cool temperatures found in the high proportion of water resource recovery facilities in geographical areas experiencing cold winters. Water Environ. Res., 90, 1938Res., 90, (2018.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phycoremediation of Municipal Wastewater by the Cold‐Adapted Microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19

Hage

Luckett

Holbrook

2018

Water Environment Research

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“…The application of suspended algal systems can be limited by the difficulty of removing algae from wastewater after the treatment, and low concentrations of algae in the reactor, which results in low treatment rates with typical hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 4 to 10 days . Immobilization of algal cells by entrapment in alginate beads facilitates the initiation and maintenance of higher concentrations of algae in the reactor, enabling rapid nutrient removal (HRT < 12 h) . The retention of algal cells in the immobilization matrix means that the downstream use of the effluent (for discharge or recycling) is protected from contamination by algal cells, with < 0.07% of the immobilized culture leaking for Scenedesmus obliquus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient removal by alginate‐immobilized Chlorella vulgaris: response to different wastewater matrices

Kube

Spedding

Gao

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Immobilized algae are a promising tool to treat wastewater within a short time (<12 h) and simplify biomass harvesting compared with suspended algae. The potential of alginate-entrapped Chlorella vulgaris to bioremediate secondary (with and without nutrient supplementation), primary and two lagoon municipal wastewaters was investigated. The capability of the system to adapt to these wastewaters was analysed by determining biotic and abiotic nutrient removal, and further evaluated by comparison with suspended cells.RESULTS: The algal nitrogen (N) content (4.6-7.8 wt%) was closely related to the wastewater ammonium concentration (R 2 = 0.97). The algal cells did not adapt N uptake as effectively to wastewater nitrate concentration because both abiotic N and phosphorus (P) removal increased. The algal P content (1.2-3.2 wt%) varied in response to the wastewater P and was inversely related to the initial cellular P content. The algae thus adapted nutrient uptake to the wastewater N:P level and ratio when ammonium predominated. Biomass production (35-73 mg L -1 d -1 ) increased with dissolved organic and inorganic carbon with little impact from other wastewater characteristics. Immobilization did not affect N and P uptake per cell compared with suspended algae. CONCLUSION: Decoupling biotic and abiotic removal showed adaptation to the N:P of the wastewater and luxury P uptake had significant impact during treatment of different wastewater matrices, these traits were not affected by immobilization. Immobilization enables increased N and P removal rates compared with suspended algal systems as nutrient uptake per cell is not affected and higher concentrations of algal biomass within the reactor are facilitated.To meet the desired feed nutrient levels 184 mg L −1 NaNO 3 was added to SE1 + NO3, 115 mg L −1 of NH 4 Cl was added to SE1 + NH4, 268 mg L −1 of NaNO 3 to SE2 + NO3, and 156 mg L −1 of NH 4 Cl to SE2 + NH4.Immobilized algae adapt nutrient removal to different wastewaters www.soci.org

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“…In a 2006 survey of WWTPs in Canada, approximately 9 % of responding facilities reported having N and P removal capabilities through tertiary treatment, while 16 % reported capabilities for P removal . It has been proposed that microalgal systems could be implemented as tertiary wastewater treatment systems, as microalgae require a source of macronutrients (e.g., N and P) to grow efficiently, and these nutrients must be removed from most WWTP effluents prior to discharge to minimize the risk of eutrophication. The oxygen released via algal photosynthesis could potentially be used as a terminal electron acceptor by aerobic bacteria, to displace the use of commercially sourced compressed O 2 gas in secondary treatment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a microalgal wastewater treatment for the removal of nutrients under non‐sterile conditions and carbon limitation

Ramos¹,

Regan²,

McGinn

et al. 2019

Can J Chem Eng

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Microalgal treatment of municipal wastewater has been discussed as a novel strategy for the removal of excess nutrients and metals. Additionally, a number of products can be obtained from the resulting microalgal biomass, including energy products that can be utilized within the treatment plant. However, the effectiveness of these microalgal systems can be significantly affected by the natural biota, which could consequently impact the quality of the wastewater effluent. This study evaluated the performance of two microalgal species in the removal of nutrients from non-sterile, highly concentrated synthetic wastewater. The results showed that monocultures of Scenedesmus sp. AMDD and Chlorella sorokiniana could remove up to 60 % NH 4 þ , and 44 and 35 % PO 4 3-, respectively, in a semi-continuous cultivation mode without negatively affecting effluent quality.

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Phycoremediation strategies for rapid tertiary nutrient removal in a waste stream

Cited by 43 publications

References 75 publications

Phycoremediation of Municipal Wastewater by the Cold‐Adapted Microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19

Phycoremediation of Municipal Wastewater by the Cold‐Adapted Microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19

Nutrient removal by alginate‐immobilized Chlorella vulgaris: response to different wastewater matrices

Feasibility of a microalgal wastewater treatment for the removal of nutrients under non‐sterile conditions and carbon limitation

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