Phyllostomid bat microbiome composition is associated to host phylogeny and feeding strategies

Carrillo-Araujo, Mario; Taş, Neslihan; Alcántara-Hernández, Rocı́o; Gaona, Osiris; Schondube, Jorge E.; Medellín, Rodrigo A.; Jansson, Janet; Falcón, Luisa I.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00447

Cited by 109 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Taken together, these findings reveal family and species-specific selection pressures acting on MHC genes. Moreover, the high similarity of PSS between A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata highlights that bat species sharing similar feeding strategies might be subjected – independently of their habitats – to similar pathogenic pressures, mainly from their microbiota [94]. Comparisons between each environment subgroup, for each present case, revealed the existence of private PSS depending on the area, suggesting a habitat-specific selection pressure process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the MHC class II DRB of three Neotropical bat species

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlthough bats are natural reservoirs of many pathogens, few studies have been conducted on the genetic variation and detection of selection in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. These genes are critical for resistance and susceptibility to diseases, and host–pathogen interactions are major determinants of their extensive polymorphism. Here we examined spatial patterns of diversity of the expressed MHC class II DRB gene of three sympatric Neotropical bats, Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae), and Molossus molossus (Molossidae), all of which use the same environments (e.g., forests, edge habitats, urban areas). Comparison with neutral marker (mtDNA D-loop) diversity was performed at the same time.ResultsTwenty-three DRB alleles were identified in 19 C. perspicillata, 30 alleles in 35 D. rotundus and 20 alleles in 28 M. molossus. The occurrence of multiple DRB loci was found for the two Phyllostomidae species. The DRB polymorphism was high in all sampling sites and different signatures of positive selection were detected depending on the environment. The patterns of DRB diversity were similar to those of neutral markers for C. perspicillata and M. molossus. In contrast, these patterns were different for D. rotundus for which a geographical structure was highlighted. A heterozygote advantage was also identified for this species. No recombination or gene conversion event was found and phylogenetic relationships showed a trans-species mode of evolution in the Phyllostomids.ConclusionsThis study of MHC diversity demonstrated the strength of the environment and contrasting pathogen pressures in shaping DRB diversity. Differences between positively selected sites identified in bat species highlighted the potential role of gut microbiota in shaping immune responses. Furthermore, multiple geographic origins and/or population admixtures observed in C. perspicillata and M. molossus populations acted as an additional force in shaping DRB diversity. In contrast, DRB diversity of D. rotundus was shaped by environment rather than demographic history.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0802-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the MHC class II DRB of three Neotropical bat species

et al. 2016

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“…Interestingly, Proteobacteria is rarely found (<10%) in carnivore species except for domestic dogs (Handl, Dowd, Garcia‐Mazcorro, Steiner, & Suchodolski, ). Unlike the case of Proteobacteria, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (>26%) and Firmicutes (>22%) in R. sinicus and M. altarium is much higher than other insectivorous bats of Phyllostomid (10% Bacteroidetes and <5% Firmicutes) (Carrillo‐Araujo et al., ). Firmicutes is the only phylum universally shared in mammals (Ley et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the class level, Gammaproteobacteria (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidia (Bacteroidetes), Bacilli (Firmicutes), and Clostridia (Firmicutes) are four dominant classes in R. sinicus and M. altarium . Gammaproteobacteria is the largest class in R. sinicus (39.7%) and M. altarium (38.2%), which is higher than other insect‐feeding bats (~20%) (Carrillo‐Araujo et al., ). Interestingly, Gammaproteobacteria also has a relatively high abundance in noninsectivorous bats of Phyllostomid (Carrillo‐Araujo et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gammaproteobacteria is the largest class in R. sinicus (39.7%) and M. altarium (38.2%), which is higher than other insect‐feeding bats (~20%) (Carrillo‐Araujo et al., ). Interestingly, Gammaproteobacteria also has a relatively high abundance in noninsectivorous bats of Phyllostomid (Carrillo‐Araujo et al., ). Thus, Gammaproteobacteria may be a dominant class in the whole Chiroptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbial diversity in two insectivorous bats: Insights into the effect of different sampling sources

Xing

Sun

et al. 2018

MicrobiologyOpen

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The gut microbiota is now known as a key factor in mammalian physiology and health. Our understanding of the gut microbial communities and their effects on ecology and evolution of their hosts is extremely limited in bats which represent the second largest mammalian order. In the current study, gut microbiota of three sampling sources (small intestine, large intestine, and feces) were characterized in two sympatric and insectivorous bats (Rhinolophus sinicus and Myotis altarium) by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Combining with published studies, this work reveals that Gammaproteobacteria may be a dominant class in the whole Chiroptera and Fusobacteria is less observed in bats although it has been proven to be dominant in other mammals. Our results reveal that the sampling source influences alpha diversity of the microbial community in both studied species although no significant variations of beta diversity were observed, which support that fecal samples cannot be used as a proxy of the microbiota in other gut regions in wild animals.

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“…, Carrillo‐Araujo et al. ), and the gut microbial composition is known to vary in response to fibre content differences in diet (David et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and evolutionary biology of fishing bats

Aizpurua

Alberdi

2018

Mammal Review

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A few of the >1300 bat species recognised worldwide are known to consume fish to various extents. However, empirical information about how and how much different bat species capture and consume fish is limited and is probably distorted due to the biases introduced by occasional observations. In this review, we aim to synthesise the knowledge so far generated on fishing bats, in order to 1) assess the incidence of fishing in different bat species; 2) discuss the evolutionary framework and origins of fishing behaviour; and 3) identify the ecological challenges of fishing and review the state of knowledge about kinetic, morphological, sensory, behavioural, and physiological adaptations related to fishing. Fishing bats can be clustered into three groups based on the incidence of fish consumption. Noctilio leporinus is the only species in which fishing is widespread (occurring in most populations) and common (occurring most of the time and carried out by many individuals). Myotis vivesi, Myotis pilosus, and Myotis capaccinii comprise the second group, characterised by exhibiting regular fishing behaviour that is restricted to a limited number of populations. Noctilio albiventris, Myotis daubentonii, and Myotis macropus are classified in a third group, because although the occasional presence of fish traces in faeces has been reported, regular fishing behaviour in the wild has not been confirmed. Fishing was developed independently multiple times in different bat lineages, probably under different selective pressures and ecological scenarios. Nevertheless, all fishing species face similar challenges in terms of detecting, capturing, handling, and metabolising fish, which require specific kinetic, morphological, sensory, behavioural, and physiological adaptations. Both basic information about fishing behaviour in different species and specific knowledge of the biological adaptation are still missing. Thus, in this review we identify gaps in the knowledge and suggest experimental approaches to overcome them.

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Phyllostomid bat microbiome composition is associated to host phylogeny and feeding strategies

Cited by 109 publications

References 43 publications

Spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the MHC class II DRB of three Neotropical bat species

Spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the MHC class II DRB of three Neotropical bat species

Gut microbial diversity in two insectivorous bats: Insights into the effect of different sampling sources

Ecology and evolutionary biology of fishing bats

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