Phyllotaxis and Vascular Organization of the Carpels in Michelia Fuscata

Tucker, Shirley C.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1961.tb11605.x

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…gigantlfolia (Nooteboom, 1987). Carpels are small to large, spirally or irregularly arranged (Tucker, 1961;Erbar & Leins, 1982Zagorska-Marek, 1994), free, but postgenitally united in fruit or already in tlower in Aromadendron. Talauma and in part of other genera (Nooteboom, 1985); largely plicate, only short ascidiate zone (Leinfellner, 1967a;Gukdes, 1968;Erbar, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids

Igersheim

Endress

1997

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

109

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Carpel and ovule structure was compared in representatives of all 11 families of the Magnoliales (Annonaceae, Canellaceae, Degeneriaceae, Eupomatiaccae, Himantandraceae, Magnoliaceae, Myristicaceae) and winteroids (Austrobaileyaceae, Illiciaceae, Sehisandraceae, Winteraceae). Special attention was paid to features that are constant at family level. Bisexual flowers are always protogynous. In all representatives studied the carpels are closed at anthesis. Caipel closure is attained in three different ways: (1) postgenital fusion of inner surfaces (Degeneriaceae, Eupomatiaccae. Winteraceae), or (2) occlusion by secretion (Austrobaileyaceae, Sehisandraceae), or (3) a combination of (1) and (2): in Annonaceae, Canellaceae, Myristicaceae there is a conspicuous secretory canal in the innermost part of the ventral slit; in Illiciaceae and Magnoliaceae there is a narrow canal in the innermost part of the ventral slit; and in Himantandraceae the ventral slit is postgenilally fused in the style but completely open in the ovary. In most families the carpels have a double stigmalic crest or they have two tips in the transversal symmetry plane (i.e. at right angles to the median plane). Stigmas are unicellular papillate in most families but the papillae are bi‐to multicellular (uniseriate) in Degeneriaceae and Eupomatiaceae. An unusual cryptic exlracarpellary compitum was found in Himantandraceae and Sehisandraceae. Intrusive oil cells were found in the carpel epidermis of Illiciaceae and Sehisandraceae. Mature ovules vary in length between 0.15 and 1.1 mm. The outer integument is fully annular (not semiannular) in Degeneriaceae, Himantandraceae, Canellaceae, Myristicaceae, and Illiciaceae. A rudimentary aril occurs in Canellaceae, and originates at the same site as in arillate Annonaceae and Myristicaceae. The results most strongly support an Annonaceae‐Myristicaceae‐Canellaceae alliance, to some degree also an Eupomatiaccac‐Degeneriaceae‐Himantandraceae‐Magnoliaceae alliance, and an Illiciaceae‐Schisandraceae‐Winteraccae‐Austrobaileyaceae alliance.

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Section: (Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids

Igersheim

Endress

1997

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

109

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“…Such carpel variants of this genus maysuggest transformation from peltate carpels to plicate carpels. The carpel stipe in Anaxagorea provides a buffer space for the drastic changes in structure in the vascular bundle at the base of the carpel, whereas in most angiosperms with apocarpy, the base of the carpel is very close to the placenta and the vascular bundle in this part tends to be simplified (e.g., Michelia [Tucker, 1961]; Sagittaria [Kaul, 1967]; Drimys [Tucker, 1975]; Illicium [Robertson and Tucker, 1979]; Brasenia [Endress, 2005]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a Ring-arranged Vascular Pattern Unique to Stems? A Three Dimensional Reconstruction ofAnaxagorea(Annonaceae) Carpel Vasculature and its Evolutionary Implications

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractThe carpel is the definitive structure of angiosperms and the origin of the carpel is of great significance to the phylogenetic origin of angiosperms. The traditional view has been that angiosperm carpels emerged from structures similar to macrosporophylls of pteridosperms or Bennettitales, which bear ovules on the surface of foliar organs. Conversely, according to other perspectives, carpels originated from foliar appendages enclosing the ovule-bearing axis. One of the key distinctions between the two conflicting views lies in whether the ovular axis is involved in the evolution of the carpel. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the axial homologs remain in the carpel of extant angiosperms, and, in turn, reveal the integrated axial-foliar nature of carpel. Two Anaxagorea species were used for organogenesis and comparative anatomical studies owing to their outstanding and unusually long carpel stipes. The continuous change of vascular bundles at the carpel stipe at different developmental stages is described here in detail. Organogenesis revealed that the carpel stipe of Anaxagorea emerges at the early stage of carpel development. Vascular bundles at the base of Anaxagorea carpel are a set of discrete ring-arranged collateral bundles that branch out at the upper portion into two sets of ring-arranged collateral bundles below each ovule. The ring-arranged collateral bundles are clear morphological evidence of the existence of axial homologs in the carpel, and, therefore, support the perspective that carpels originated from the integration of the ovular axis and foliar parts. This finding could prompt the reconsideration of how the bract-bracteole-terminal ovule system in gymnosperms evolved into an angiosperm carpel.

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“…Earlier work on floral ontogeny in Magnoliaceae includes investigation of the floral apex and carpel development (Tucker, 1960, 1961; van Heel, 1981, 1983). A brief floral ontogeny in Liriodendron tulipifera and Magnolia denudata was described (Erbar & Leins, 1994; Leins & Erbar, 1994, 1997; Leins, 2000).…”

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Anatomy and ontogeny of unisexual flowers in dioecious Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy) Law (Magnoliaceae)

Zeng

Liao

et al. 2009

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy) Law is a dioecious species with unisexual flowers in Magnoliaceae. The floral morphology and structure of the species are conspicuously different from other species and are important to the study of floral phylogeny in this family. The floral anatomy and ontogeny were investigated to evaluate the systematic position of W. septentrionalis, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. All of the floral organs are initiated acropetally and spirally. The carpels are of conduplicated type without the differentiation of stigma and style. The degenerated stamens in the female flowers have the same structures as the normal stamens at the earlier developmental stages, but they do not undergo successive development and eventually degenerate. The male floral apex was observed to have the remnants of carpels in a few investigated samples. As the bisexual flower features could be traced both in the male and female flowers in W. septentrionalis, it suggests that the flower sex in Magnoliaceae tends toward unisexual. As well as the unisexual flowers, the reduced tepals and carpels and concrescence of carpels conform to the specialized tendency in Magnoliaceae, which confirms the derived position of W. septentrionalis in this family. As the initiation pattern of floral parts of W. septentrionalis is very similar to other species in this family, it needs further investigation and especially comparison with species in Kmeria to evaluate the separation of Woonyoungia.

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Phyllotaxis and Vascular Organization of the Carpels in Michelia Fuscata

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids

Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids

Is a Ring-arranged Vascular Pattern Unique to Stems? A Three Dimensional Reconstruction ofAnaxagorea(Annonaceae) Carpel Vasculature and its Evolutionary Implications

Anatomy and ontogeny of unisexual flowers in dioecious Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy) Law (Magnoliaceae)

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