Phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters reveal two new species of Ganoderma from Yunnan province, China

Abstract

Ganoderma dianzhongensesp. nov. and G. esculentumsp. nov. are proposed as two new species based on both phenotypic and genotypic evidences. Ganoderma dianzhongense is characterized by the stipitate basidiomata, laccate and oxblood red pileus, gray white pore surface, duplex context and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (9.0–12.5 × 6.5–9.0 μm) with coarse interwall pillars. Ganoderma esculentum is characterized by its basidiomata with slender stipe, white pore surface, homogeneous pileus context, and slightly truncate, narrow basidiospores (8.0–12.5 × 5.0–8.0 µm). Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. The illustrations and descriptions for the new taxa are provided.

Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) from Southwest China

“…Ganodermataceae Donk is a large family of Polyporales and Ganoderma P. Karst is the most speciose genus in the family (Hapuarachchi et al 2016a, Hapuarachchi et al 2017, He et al 2019. Before the molecular era, Polyporales with double-walled basidiospores with a pigmented endosporium ornamented with columns or ridges and a smooth hyaline exosporium were usually placed in Ganodermataceae (Moncalvo and Ryvarden 1997).…”

“…However, Ganodermataceae has been treated as a synonym of Polyporaceae (Justo et al 2017). There have been several discrepancies regarding the treatment of Justo et al (2017); in particular, the studied collection of Ganodermatoid specimens was insufficient to establish a stable taxonomic and systematic placement in a phylogenetic context because some herbarium materials have been destroyed or cannot be found, lacking molecular and morphological data and the characterised double-walled basidiospores in Ganodermataceae are quite different from those in Polyporaceae (Cui et al 2019, Costa-Rezende et al 2020. In this study, we subsequently followed Justo et al…”

“…Moncalvo and Ryvarden (1997) accepted 148 Ganoderma species before the molecular era, of which 65% are recognised as only one or some species, but represented different morphology-based species (Ryvarden 2000, Smith and Sivasithamparam 2003, Torres-Torres and Guzmán-Dávalos 2012. Recently, 180 species of Ganoderma were accepted, whereas nearly 500 species are estimated worldwide, of which 60% are awaiting discovery (He et al 2019, He et al 2022.…”

“…Compared to morphology, molecular methods have turned out to be more effective in resolving intraspecific relationships with Ganoderma (Yamashita and Hirose 2016, Fryssouli et al 2020, Gunnels et al 2020, Jiang et al 2021, Shen et al 2021. Phylogenetic markers, such as IGS, nrSSU, ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, β-TUB, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1-α sequences, were independently or conjointly used to infer intraspecific relationships within Ganoderma (Cao et al 2012, Zhou et al 2015, Xing et al 2018, Hapuarachchi et al 2019a, Liu et al 2019, Ye et al 2019. In particular, the multilocus phylogeny incorporating sequences from ITS, nrLSU, TEF1-α and RPB2 was applied to give a phylogenetic framework for species delimitation in this genus (Xing et al 2018, Ye et al 2019, Tchotet-Tchoumi et al 2019, Wu et al 2020, He et al 2021, Cao et al 2021.…”

“…Ganoderma has a cosmopolitan distribution and most of the species are known from tropical and sub-tropical regions (He et al 2019). This fungus grows as saprobes or parasites on deciduous and coniferous trees and some of them are considered as plant pathogens that cause basal stem butt rot and root rot (Pinruan et al 2010, Ding et al 2020, Mafia et al 2020, Mohd et al 2020.…”