Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNAITSsequences of Koreanalliuml. subgenusRhizirideum(Alliaceae)

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among the Korean taxa of the genus Allium subgenus Rhizirideum and some related taxa were assessed on the basis of ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Twenty-eight accessions of the genus Allium L. consisting of subgenera Rhizirideum (19 taxa), Allium (5 taxa) and Amerallium (one taxon) were analyzed. The variation in the ITS region was informative at the levels of section except for sect. Reticulato-bulbosa which is known to be of multiple origin. The ITS 2 region was longer than the ITS 1 region, and all of the investigated Allium taxa were the same in length in the 5.8S region except for A. monanthum. Allium cyaneum var. cyaneum was the shortest (635 bp) and A. victorialis the longest (646 bp) among the investigated Korean taxa. The three morphologically similar taxa, A. thunbergii, A. sacculiferum that has been included in A. thunbergii, and A. deltoide-Jistulosum, had the same ITS lengths of 641 bp, but were clearly distinguished in the phylogenetic analysis of their ITS sequences.Allium L. (Alliaceae) contains about 700-750 taxa in northern temperate region, including a number of important edible plants such as onion, green onion, garlic, leek and wild garlic (Hanek et al., 1992;Berg et al. 1996;Mes et al., 1997;Klaas, 1998). The genus is characterized by perennials with alliaceous ordour and tunicated bulb. Leaves are basal, but their bases may form a flat or terete, sometimes fistular pseudostem. Inflorescences are umbel-like with few or many flowers, sometimes with bulbils. Tepals are six, and usually small, free or slightly united below. Stamens are six, and usually attached to the base of tepals. Filaments are often dilated at the base. Ovules are 1-10 in each locule, but often two. Seeds are broad and triangular in transection, with a thick phytomelan crust (Rahn, 1998).The classification at intrageneric levels based on the morphological characters has been in dispute (Vvedensky, 1944;Bentham and Hooker, 1965;Hanelt et al., 1992). Recently, the genus was classified into five subgenera (Allium, Amemllium, Rhizirideum, Melanocrommyum, Caloscordon) according to the chromosome number and chloroplast DNA polymorphism (Samoylov et al., 1999).Most of the Korean Allium except for A. monanthum, wild garlic and green onion belong to the subgenus Rhizirideum (G. Don ex Koch) Wendelbo having a rhizome *Tel: 82-2-3277-2366, Fax: 82-2-3277-2385 and basic chromosome number of 8 (Dubouzet et al., 1997;Klaas, 1998). Since Palibin (1901) had reported A. japonicum, Park (1949) recorded 21 species and two varieties including five cultivars, and Nakai (1952) summerized that there are 20 species, one variety and one forma in Korean Allium. Chung (1956Chung ( , 1965 illustrated 11 species, and Kitagawa (1979) recorded 13 species, one variety, and one forma in Korean Allium. Lee (1996) summerized Korean Allium as 17 species, three varities, and two formas including cultivars. Yu et al. (1981) studied the taxonomy of the Korean Allium, and reported 12 species, two varieties, and one forma.Ma...

Phylogeny and adaptive evolution of subgenus Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae, Allium) based on plastid genomes

“…Studies of species in subgen. Rhizirideum have been conducted frequently in the past century (Shopova, 1966;Friesen, 1992;Dubouzet et al, 1997;Do and Seo, 2000;Raamsdonk et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2001;Lee, 2001;Raamsdonk et al, 2003;Ricroch et al, 2005;Friesen et al, 2006;Özler and Pehlivan, 2010;Rola, 2014;Li et al, 2016;Friesen et al, 2020). It was found that the chromosome base number of this subgenus was eight and the ploidy was mainly 2x or 4x.…”