Phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin gene of wild-type strains of canine distemper virus in southern Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. This study examined the phylogenetic relationship of strains of canine distemper virus (CDV) collected from Paraná State, Brazil, based on the hemagglutinin gene. Urine samples were collected from 4 dogs from northern Paraná State that demonstrated clinical manifestations of canine distemper. The participation of CDV was initially confirmed by RT-PCR targeting the nucleocapsid protein, after which the complete hemagglutinin gene was sequenced from each sample. Sequences were deposited in and compared with those already in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses, using amino acid and nucleotide sequences based on the hemagglutinin gene, demonstrated that these strains of CDV are closely related to those from the Europe 1 lineage of CDV, with marked differences from other recognized geographical clusters of CDV isolates and from the vaccine strains. The strains of CDV from this region of southern Brazil appear to be related to those from Europe 1.

Caracterização genética do gene da hemaglutinina em vírus da cinomose canina de cães naturalmente infectados no Brasil

“…This result is consistent with studies conducted throughout the world and in Brazil (MARTELLA et al, 2006;PANZERA et al, 2012;NEGRÃO et al, 2013), indicating that the H gene of CDV has evolved differently in wild and vaccine strains. This Z35493 AF378705 X84998 Z47760 AF172411 AY297454 AY297453 AB212730 AB212984 AB212983 DQ191787 AY849448 AY498892 AY438597 FJ392851 KC257484 KC257483 GQ214389 Z47759 X84999 KF835425 KF835424 KF835423 EU098105 FJ392652 JX912978 JX912976 JN215473 JN215474 JN215475 JN215476 JN215477 JX912971 JX912975 JX912958 JX912983 JX912959 EU098102 LBMICDV2 LBMICDV8 LBMICDV17 LBMICDV3 DQ494318 DQ494317 Z77672 Z77673 EU098104 LBMICDV3 LBMICDV5 LBMICDV25 LBMICDV21 .…”

“…The canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxoviridae family. CDV is an enveloped negative single-stranded RNA virus, and its genome encodes six structural proteins; the Haemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein has been used to characterize field strains (MARTELLA et al, 2006;PANZERA et al, 2012;NEGRÃO et al, 2013;BUDASZEWSKI et al, 2014). CDV is mainly controlled by vaccination using attenuated vaccines, but reports of the disease in vaccinated animals suggest that there are antigenic differences between wild CDV and the strains used in the vaccines that primarily occur in the haemagglutinin glycoprotein (BAE et al, 2013).…”

Concomitant canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, canine parvoviral enteritis, canine infectious tracheobronchitis, and toxoplasmosis in a puppy

“…This is because these strains were obtained from 2 closely related geographical locations of continental Brazil and might represent 2 different wild-type strains of CDV circulating within these geographical regions of the country. 20 The apicomplexan protozoa observed within several tissues of the necropsied puppy by histopathology were confirmed as T. gondii by a combination of PCR and genetic typing; this molecular approach is diagnostic for T. gondii and is recommended for the differentiation of apicomplexan protozoa within tissue samples. 23 The elevated titer (1,024) of anti-T. gondii antibodies seen in the dam could be indicative of acute toxoplasmosis, 11 while the lesions (pulmonary, hepatic, and cardiac) observed in the puppy are consistent with systemic toxoplasmosis.…”

Rapid and sensitive detection of canine distemper virus by one-tube reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction

“…CDV immunoassays for detection of CDV antigen, such as immunofluorescence staining and ELISA [28][29][30][31][32], in general are not sensitive enough to detect CDV in asymptomatic dogs or during acute CD infection [31]. Various conventional, nested, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, which offer high degrees of detection sensitivity and specificity, have also been developed for CDV [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, requiring an experienced technician and a relatively expensive thermocycler, these assays have been applied to CDV diagnosis mostly in professional laboratories.…”