Phylogenetic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of uropathogens

Abstract

The uropathogens is the main cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of the study was to isolate bacteria from urine samples of UTI patients and find out the susceptibility of isolated bacteria. Bacteria were identified using both conventional and molecular methods. Sanger sequence procedure used for 16S ribosomal RNA and phylogenetic analysis was performed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-7) software. In this study, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus were reported as 58, 28 and 14.0% respectively. Phylogenetic tree revealed that 99% of sample No. Ai (05) is closely related to E. coli to (NR 114042.1 E. coli strain NBRC 102203). Aii (23) is 99% similar to K. pneumoniae to (NR 117686.1 K. pneumonia strain DSM 30104) and 90% Bi (48) is closely linked to S. aureus to (NR 113956.1 S. aureus strain NBRC 100910). The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli recorded highest resistance towards ampicillin (90%) and least resistant to ofloxacin (14%). Some of the other antibiotics such amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and nitrofurantoin resistance were observed 86, 62, 24, 55, 48 and 35% respectively. The cefuroxime showed the highest antibiotic resistance against K. pneumoniae with 85% followed by amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, ampicillin and nitrofurantoin resulted in 60, 45, 67, 70, 75 and 30% respectively. The resistance of S. aureus against erythromycin, cefuroxime and ampicillin were found with 72%. The resistance against amoxicillin, gentamicin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone found 57, 43, 43 and 15% respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows that sequences are closely related with the reference sequences and E. coli is the dominant bacteria among UTI patients and is resistant to the commercially available antibiotics.

Epidemiological insights into seasonal, sex‑specific and age‑related distribution of bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections

“…The predominant pathogenic bacteria identified were E. coli (50.0%), E. faecium (15.6%), E. faecalis (9.6%), K. pneumoniae (6.8%), P. aeruginosa (3.5%), A. baumannii (2.7%), S. agalactiae (2.5%), S. aureus (2.1%) and P. mirabilis (1.2%). These findings align with those of previous studies (24)(25)(26). Another similar study by Faine et al (27) showed that among the patients with positive urine cultures, 84.7% had cultures that grew Enterobacterales, with E. coli (63.2%) being the most common pathogen isolated.…”

Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Phylogenicity of Uropathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

“…The results of our study concluded that female patients had higher incidences of UTIs (67.47%, 56/83) compared to male (32.53%, n = 12/83) patients living in the Lower Dir (Table 1). Previous studies also reported that females have higher incidences of UTIs than males within a given study population (frequency rate: 73.57% and 36.14%, respectively) [43][44][45][46]. This high incidence of UTIs in females is due to physiological changes during pregnancy, parity (number of pregnancies a person has had), hormonal changes and immune responses [47][48][49].…”

Effect of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Niosomes on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation

“…Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Staphylococcus aureus are frequently detected in patients with indwelling urinary tract devices [3][4][5][6]. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common bacterial infections, affecting around 150-250 million people each year worldwide.…”