Phylogenetic analysis and predicted secondary structures of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae)

Takamatsu, Susumu; Hirata, Tetsuya; Sato, Yukio

doi:10.1007/bf02460905

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The present analysis as well as our previous report (Takamatsu et al, 1998) clearly showed the close relationship between Erysiphe (section Erysiphe) and Microsphaera, but did not support the traditional evolutionary hypothesis (Blumer, 1933;Braun, 1987) Fig. 2 by the log-likelihood ratio test (Kishino and Hasegawa, 1989).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

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Phylogenetic relationships of Microsphaera and Erysiphe section Erysiphe (powdery mildews) inferred from the rDNA ITS sequences

et al. 1999

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The genus Microsphaera has been considered to be derived from section Erysiphe of the genus Erysiphe by a single event. Cleistothecial appendages are the most distinct difference between the two genera and have an important role for overwintering. To understand the phylogenetic relationship between Erysiphe section Erysiphe and Microsphaera more precisely, phylogenetic trees were constructed using the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS region from 11Erysiphe (section Erysiphe) and 16 Microsphaera taxa. The phylogenetic trees indicated the close relationship between the two genera. However, the genera Erysiphe (section Erysiphe) and Microsphaera did not group into separate monophyletic lineages; instead, they formed several small clusters that were mixed together. This result suggests that the differentiations of the genera occurred two or more times independently. This also supports the idea that appendage morphology does not always accurately reflect the phylogeny of the powdery mildews because the morphology of appendages may evolve convergently under the selection pressure of their particular biotopes (host plants). Key WordsErysiphe; internal transcribed spacer; Microsphaera; phylogeny; powdery mildew.The powdery mildew fungi are important plant pathogens which are obligately parasitic on the leaves, stems, fruits, and flowers of a wide range of angiosperm plants. Phylogenetic relationships between the genera of powdery mildews have been discussed based on the morphological characters of the teleomorph and anamorph (Blumer, 1933;Katumoto, 1973;Braun, 1987) as well as their host ranges (Amano, 1986). Blumer (1933) (Blumer, 1933;Braun, 1981

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…We excluded Erysiphe section Golovinomyces from the current analysis because the section was revealed to be distantly related to both Microsphaera and Erysiphe section Erysiphe in our previous study (Takamatsu et al, 1998).…”

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Phylogenetic relationships of Microsphaera and Erysiphe section Erysiphe (powdery mildews) inferred from the rDNA ITS sequences

et al. 1999

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“…Blumeria graminis is regarded as an isolated fungus among the Erysiphales, because of its unique morphological charactristics and also its unique parasitism to monocots, especially cereal plants, in contrast to the dicot parasitism of most other Erysiphales. Recent molecular works have supported the isolated phylogenetic placement of B. graminis (Takamatsu et al, 1998;Saenz and Taylor, 1999;Mori et al, 2000). The nucleotide sequence data from other species of the Erysiphales are required to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of the Erysiphales among Ascomycota more precisely.…”

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confidence: 98%

Molecular phylogeny and radiation time of Erysiphales inferred from the nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences

2000

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Phylogenetic relationships of Erysiphales within Ascomycota were inferred from the newly determined sequences of the 18S rDNA and partial sequences of the 28S rDNA including the D1 and D2 regions of 10 Erysiphales taxa. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Erysiphales form a distinct clade among ascomycetous fungi, suggesting that the Erysiphales diverged from a single ancestral taxon. The Myxotrichaceae of the Onygenales was distantly related to the other onygenalean families and was the sister group to the Erysiphales clade, with which it combined to form a clade. The Erysiphales/Myxotrichaceae clade was also closely related to some discomycetous fungi (Leotiales, Cyttariales and Thelebolaceae) including taxa that form cleistothecial ascomata. The present molecular analyses as well as previously reported morphological observations suggest the possible exsistence of a novel evolutionary pathway from cleistothecial discomycetous fungi to Erysiphales and Myxotrichaceae.However, since most of these fungi, except for the Erysiphales, are saprophytic on dung and/or plant materials, the questions of how and why an obligate biotroph like the Erysiphales radiated from the saprophytic fungi remain to be addressed. We also estimated the radiation time of the Erysiphales using the 18S rDNA sequences and the two molecular clocks that have been previously reported. The calculation showed that the Erysiphales split from the Nlyxotrichaceae 190-127 myr ago. Since the radiation time of the Erysiphales does not exceed 230 myr ago, even when allowance is made for the uncertainty of the molecular clocks, it is possible to consider that the Erysiphales evolved after the radiation of angiosperms. The results of our calculation also showed that the first radiation within the Erysiphales (138-92 myr ago) coincided with the date of a major diversification of angiosperms (130-90 myr ago). These results may support our early assumption that the radiation of the Erysiphales coincided with the evolution of angiosperm plants. Key WordsAscomycota; evolution; molecular clock; plant pathogen; powdery mildew.The fungi belonging to the Erysiphales (powdery mildews) are obligate biotrophs that infect a wide range of angiosperm plants and appear as white, powdery material on the leaves, stems, or fruits. Braun (1987) described one family, 18 genera, and 435 species of Erysiphales in his monograph. This fungal group has the following unique characteristics as plant pathogenic fungi. 1 ) Obligate biotrophy: Biotope of Erysiphales is completely restricted to living plants and lacks saprophytic life stages. Several plant pathogenic fungi such as rusts and downy mildews are also known as obligate biotrophs. Although the obligate biotrophic nature is not unique to Erysiphales, it is an important characteristic in considerring the evolutionary history of these fungi.2) Ectotrophy: All but a few genera of Erysiphales are ectotrophic fungi. Their mycelia usually distribute on host surface and put haustoria, a nutrient-absorbing organ, into the epidermal...

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“…(Cook et al 1997). According to Takamatsu et al (1998Takamatsu et al ( , 1999) Erysiphe s. str. and Microsphaera do not group into separate monophyletic lineages, but form several small mixed clusters, which cannot be phylogenetically distinguished from each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of anamorphic and teleomorphic stage of Erysiphe palczewskii (syn. Microsphaera palczewskii) on Caragana arborescens in the Czech Republic and Austria and its morphological characterisation

Lebeda¹,

Mieslerová²,

Sedlářová³

et al. 2008

Plant Prot. Sci.

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During the summer of 2007 in a private garden in Smržice (district Prostějov, Czech Republic) symptoms of powdery mildew on Caragana arborescens were recorded. Until now at least two powdery mildew species (Microsphaera trifolii var. trifolii and M. palczewskii), both differing in some basic morphological features, have been recorded for the genus Caragana. Comparison of our measurements with previous descriptions of powdery mildew samples found in the Czech Republic on Caragana arborescens identified our species as Microsphaera palczewskii (newly Erysiphe palczewskii). This is probably the first detailed record of this species on C. arborescens in the Czech Republic. Fungus from Czech Republic was compared with the material collected in 2007 in Vienna (Austria). The aim of this paper was to provide a detailed comparative morphological characterisation of E. palczewskii anamorph and teleomorph found in the Czech Republic and in Austria. Serious reduction of the anamorph, caused by hyperparasitic fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis, was recorded on the sample from Austria.

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Phylogenetic analysis and predicted secondary structures of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae)

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

Phylogenetic relationships of Microsphaera and Erysiphe section Erysiphe (powdery mildews) inferred from the rDNA ITS sequences

Phylogenetic relationships of Microsphaera and Erysiphe section Erysiphe (powdery mildews) inferred from the rDNA ITS sequences

Molecular phylogeny and radiation time of Erysiphales inferred from the nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences

Occurrence of anamorphic and teleomorphic stage of Erysiphe palczewskii (syn. Microsphaera palczewskii) on Caragana arborescens in the Czech Republic and Austria and its morphological characterisation

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