Phylogenetic analysis of a coxsackievirus A24 variant: The most recent worldwide pandemic was caused by progenies of a virus prevalent around 1981

Ishiko, Hiroaki; Takeda, Naokazu; Miyamura, Kikuko; Kato, Nobuko; Tanimura, Masako; Lin, Kuei-Hsiang; Yin-Murphy, M; Tam, John S.; Mu, Gui-Fan; Yamazaki, Shudo

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90477-7

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This indicates that the virus either emerged or was introduced recently in the general population. In previous reports, it was shown that the genome of enteroviruses evolve by about 1 to 2% per nucleotide site per year [Rico-Hesse et al, 1987;Ishiko et al, 1992;Takeda et al, 1994]. Hence, the C4 variant in the present report may have evolved from the C3 viruses over a period of 2 to 3 years.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 during a meningitis outbreak, demonstrated by direct molecular typing from cerebrospinal fluid

Bailly

Brosson

Archimbaud

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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Echovirus 30 is one of the enterovirus serotypes isolated most frequently in meningitis cases. The genetic diversity of echovirus 30 was investigated in patients hospitalised during an outbreak in 2000 in Clermont-Ferrand, France. A nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed for qualitative analysis of the echovirus 30 VP1 encoding sequence directly from cerebrospinal fluid. The viral sequences obtained for 22 patients were compared with those of virus isolates obtained from nine patients with echovirus 30 meningitis admitted to hospital in 1996-1997 and with echovirus 30 sequences from international databases. In 2000, meningitis cases were caused by two virus variants (C3 and C4) distinct genetically from the other two variants (C1 and C2) identified during the period 1996-1997. A detailed phylogenetic analysis established that the C1, C2, and C3 variants had close relatives among viruses previously identified in other geographical areas. The C4 variant had not been described earlier. The genomic differences observed between the four echovirus 30 variants arose at synonymous sites indicating that the viruses shared similar antigenic sites in the VP1 encoding sequence. Overall, these observations suggest wide circulation of different echovirus 30 variants and periodic importation of new viruses. The apparent displacement observed between virus variants did not result from a selective advantage caused by antigenic variation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 during a meningitis outbreak, demonstrated by direct molecular typing from cerebrospinal fluid

Bailly

Brosson

Archimbaud

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…We recently published the complete nucleotide sequence of the standard strain of CA24v, EH24/70 [25]. Furthermore, we have determined the nucleotide sequence encoding 3 C proteinase (3 C pr°) of 32 CA 24 v isolates collected over two decades from various Asian countries and Ghana, and analyzed them for mutual phylogenetic relationships [8]. The results revealed that CA 24 v appeared at one focal place in 1963, several years before the first isolation of CA 24 v, and that all the recent epidemic strains isolated in various areas from 1985 to 1989 derived from a common progenitor prevalent around 1981.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D 1, 5 '-TACAAACTGTTTGCTGGGCA-3 ' U 2, 5 '-ACTTCTTTTGATGGTCTCAT-3 ', a 674 nucleotide (the residues 5371-6044 from the 5' end of the genome including the 549 nucleotides of 3 C pr°) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [8]. The amplified DNA fragment was purified and blunt-ended [23], then ligated with Sinai-digested M 13rap 11 as described [8]. The nucleotide sequence was determined by the dideoxy chain termination method [24] with Sequenase (United States Biochemical, Cleveland).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we consider that the findings described here represent the total picture of CA 24 v transmission in this country. D 1, 5 '-TACAAACTGTTTGCTGGGCA-3 ' U 2, 5 '-ACTTCTTTTGATGGTCTCAT-3 ', a 674 nucleotide (the residues 5371-6044 from the 5' end of the genome including the 549 nucleotides of 3 C pr°) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [8]. The amplified DNA fragment was purified and blunt-ended [23], then ligated with Sinai-digested M 13rap 11 as described [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetically different strains of a variant of coxsackievirus A 24 were repeatedly introduced but discontinued circulating in Japan

Ishiko

Takeda

Miyamura

et al. 1992

Archives of Virology

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Variations in the nucleotide sequence of 3 C proteinase of coxsackievirus A 24 variant (CA 24 v) were analyzed to define the route of transmission and spread of the virus which was introduced to Japan on three separate occasions, 1985-86, 1988, and 1989. The nucleotide sequences of isolates from the same year's outbreak in Japan were identical or closely related, while the isolates from different outbreaks were less closely related to one another than to those from other countries in the same year. All Japanese isolates from Okinawa and other prefectures in 1985 and 1986 were closely related to the Taiwan strains in those same years, indicating common-source outbreaks. Two 1988 isolates from Chiba Prefecture, Japan, were closely related to those from Singapore in 1987, China in 1988 and Hong Kong in 1988. All seven Japanese isolates from Chiba Prefecture in 1989 comprised a group together with the Taiwan and Singapore strains in 1988. The results indicate that CA 24 v was introduced into Japan on each occasion from the outside. Furthermore, in contrast to the explosive epidemics in Okinawa Prefecture in 1985 and 1986, the virus which was repeatedly introduced to other areas in Japan did not circulate endemically, and disappeared within a short time.

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“…However, the recognition of all serotypes, as observed with the test we propose, may nonetheless be advantageous in the face of epidemics due to serotypes of enteroviruses that circulate more rarely. It has been shown, for example, that echovirus 16 (1) may cause epidemics and that coxsackievirus A24 and its variants are a major cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (10). These two serotypes are not recognized by the EV primer currently used and described in published studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

New PCR Test That Recognizes All Human Prototypes of Enterovirus: Application for Clinical Diagnosis

Bourlet¹,

Caro

Minjolle³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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We describe a new PCR test (Penter RT-PCR) that recognizes all 64 prototypes of enterovirus. Sixty clinical samples were analyzed in parallel with this Penter RT-PCR and previously described PCR tests: 34 and 32 samples tested positive, respectively. This assay is suitable for use in clinical diagnosis, and its ability to amplify all known serotypes makes it more useful than other consensus PCR tests.Enteroviruses (EVs) are small single-stranded RNA viruses that comprise 64 serotypes recently redistributed into five species (22). They are responsible for a wide variety of clinical manifestations (eruptions and respiratory, ocular, cardiac, and neurological symptoms [8,17]). The PCR test first described almost 10 years ago (3, 9, 18) has become the technique of choice for the diagnosis of these infections, particularly for cerebrospinal fluids (7). The rapidity of diagnosis by PCR has proved to be the determining factor in the management of patients, reducing the cost (by preventing unnecessary use of antibiotics) and duration of hospitalization (15,16). None of the PCR techniques proposed to date, using primers located in the 5Ј noncoding region, recognizes all 64 prototypes of EVs. The primers described by Zoll et al. do not amplify coxsackieviruses A11, A17, A24 or echovirus 16 (23). Furthermore, it is known that EVs exhibit a high degree of intratypic sequence heterogeneity (13). We describe a new PCR method (Penter RT-PCR) that detects all serotypes of EVs.The Penter RT-PCR primers (Penter-1 and 2) were selected from within the 5Ј noncoding region of the EV genome and are 85% identical to known enteroviral RNA sequences. A stair primer PCR system (5, 12) was used. A 420-bp fragment was amplified. This new reverse transcription (RT)-PCR test was performed with all prototypes of EV (obtained from tissue culture or suckling mouse brain), with serotyped field strains, and with frozen clinical samples. These samples were also analyzed by PCR (a technique hereafter referred to as inhouse reference RT-PCR) with primers previously described by Zoll et al. (23) or by Rotbart et al. (19) and by means of the protocols described below.RNA was extracted from prototypes of EV with guanidinium thiocyanate (4, 11). For specimens from patients, RNA was isolated from 140 l of the sample, by using a viral RNA minikit (Qiagen, Courtaboeuf, France) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA from a single extraction was used for both PCR tests, and an aliquot (10 l) of RNA extract was used as a template for RT. The reaction was performed in a final volume of 20 l, and we added 10 l of cDNA to 40 l of reaction mixture for all PCR tests. RNA extraction and RT, cDNA amplification, and amplicon detection were performed in three separate, nonadjacent rooms.For the Penter RT-PCR test, the protocol was as follows: RT was performed with 0.5 M Penter-2, 250 M concentrations (each) of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), 50 U of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Stratagene, Ozyme, Montigny-le-Bretonne...

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Phylogenetic analysis of a coxsackievirus A24 variant: The most recent worldwide pandemic was caused by progenies of a virus prevalent around 1981

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 during a meningitis outbreak, demonstrated by direct molecular typing from cerebrospinal fluid

Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 during a meningitis outbreak, demonstrated by direct molecular typing from cerebrospinal fluid

Phylogenetically different strains of a variant of coxsackievirus A 24 were repeatedly introduced but discontinued circulating in Japan

New PCR Test That Recognizes All Human Prototypes of Enterovirus: Application for Clinical Diagnosis

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