Phylogenetic analysis of avian hepatitis E virus samples from European and Australian chicken flocks supports the existence of a different genus within the Hepeviridae comprising at least three different genotypes

Marek, Ana; Bilić, Ivana; Prokofieva, Irina; Heß, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.014

Cited by 79 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…and has the greatest genetic diversity, with 10 identified subgenotypes (3a to 3j). 7 Recently, new animal hepeviruses have been described in rats, 8 poultry, [9][10][11] and bats, 12 however they are phylogenetically divergent and likely define new genera within the Hepeviridae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E in Humans and Pigs and Evidence of Genotype-3 Virus in Swine, Madagascar

Temmam¹,

Besnard²,

Andriamandimby³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an orofecal disease transmitted through poor hygiene environments, contaminated food (mainly pork products), or by contacts with infected animals. Very little data are currently available regarding the disease in the Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands. We report the first sero-and viro-survey for HEV in human and swine in Madagascar. A seroprevalence rate of 14.1% (60 of 427) was measured in slaughterhouse workers. Seroprevalence to HEV in pigs was estimated to 71.2% (178 of 250), strongly suggesting the existence of a zoonotic cycle. Three out of 250 pig livers (1.2%) tested HEV RNA-positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analyses based on 1-kb sequences of the ORF 2-3 identified these viruses as HEV genotype 3. Sequences clustered in a distinct Malagasy sub-clade, possibly representative of a new sub-genotype, for which the date of emergence was estimated around 1989. Further studies are needed to confirm other transmission routes of HEV to humans, especially through non-zoonotic cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E in Humans and Pigs and Evidence of Genotype-3 Virus in Swine, Madagascar

Temmam¹,

Besnard²,

Andriamandimby³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…According to publications, there are three different genotypes of aHEV, namely Australian (genotype 1), American (genotype 2) and European (genotype 3) (15,16). Besides, a Hungarian isolate HU-16773 also shown on the dendrogam (see Fig.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Avian Hepatitis Virus E Isolates Frommentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, a wide prevalence of aHEV in Australia (1), USA (2), Spain (3), Hungary (4), Korea, Czech Republic, England, Ukraine, Poland, Israel (16) and China necessitates studying the epizootic situation in Russia. In the Russian commercial poultry flocks a hepato-and splenomegaly, hepatic subcapsular hematomas, a breakable consistence of the liver, bloody liquid in abdominal cavity, drop in egg production and increased mortality rates were earlier reported but only recently the eHEV was identified as an etiological agent (5).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Avian Hepatitis Virus E Isolates Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

DISTRIBUTION AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF AVIAN HEPATITIS E VIRUS ON POULTRY FARMS IN ex-USSR

Sprygin¹,

Никонова²,

Babin³

et al. 2014

S-h. biol.

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“…In these regions, the seroprevalence within the general population is 1-3% and higher in certain populations involved in animal husbandry or consuming undercooked meat. Hepatitis E-like viruses have been successfully isolated from chickens, wild rats and trout fish [19][20][21] and are yet to be classified.…”

Section: General Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Molecular Virology and Pathogenesis

Panda

Varma

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Hepatitis E virus is a single, positive-sense, capped and poly A tailed RNA virus classified under the family Hepeviridae. Enteric transmission, acute self-limiting hepatitis, frequent epidemic and sporadic occurrence, high mortality in affected pregnants are hallmarks of hepatitis E infection. Lack of an efficient culture system and resulting reductionist approaches for the study of replication and pathogenesis of HEV made it to be a less understood agent. Early studies on animal models, sub-genomic expression of open reading frames (ORF) and infectious cDNA clones have helped in elucidating the genome organization, important stages in HEV replication and pathogenesis. The genome contains three ORF's and three untranslated regions (UTR). The 5 0 distal ORF, ORF1 is translated by host ribosomes in a cap dependent manner to form the non-structural polyprotein including the viral replicase. HEV replicates via a negative-sense RNA intermediate which helps in the formation of the positive-sense genomic RNA and a single bi-cistronic sub-genomic RNA. The 3 0 distal ORF's including the major structural protein pORF2 and the multifunctional host interacting protein pORF3 are translated from the sub-genomic RNA. Pathogenesis in HEV infections is not well articulated, and remains a concern due to the many aspects like host dependent and genotype specific variations. Animal HEV, zoonosis, chronicity in immunosuppressed patients, and rapid decompensation in affected chronic liver diseased patients warrants detailed investigation of the underlying pathogenesis. Recent advances about structure, entry, egress and functional characterization of ORF1 domains has furthered our understanding about HEV. This article is an effort to review our present understanding about molecular biology and pathogenesis of HEV. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2013;3:114-124) H epatitis E virus was first identified in 1983 as the agent responsible for the large scale waterborne epidemics of acute, self-limiting hepatitis in developing nations.1 It was shown to be a naked 28-34 nm virus-like particle with spikes and inundations. 1,2Successful use of non-human primate models for HEV propagation helped in its isolation, cloning and sequencing and as presumed turned out to be an RNA virus.3,4 It had a $7.2 kb single stranded genome with sequence homology to other positive-sense RNA viruses. 4,5 Computer based genome annotation revealed three overlapping open reading frames ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3.4,5 The longest ORF, ORF1 formed the 5 0 distal end of the genome and coded for the non-structural replication proteins including methyltransferase, protease, helicase, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The 30 distal ORF, ORF2 coded for an arginine rich protein, together with immunodominant sero-reactivity and agglutination against the expressed epitopes, it was predicted to be the major structural protein. A third ORF, ORF3 coded for a small protein thought to be a minor structural protein. [4][5][6] Molecular characterization and replication model of HEV remained...

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Phylogenetic analysis of avian hepatitis E virus samples from European and Australian chicken flocks supports the existence of a different genus within the Hepeviridae comprising at least three different genotypes

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E in Humans and Pigs and Evidence of Genotype-3 Virus in Swine, Madagascar

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E in Humans and Pigs and Evidence of Genotype-3 Virus in Swine, Madagascar

DISTRIBUTION AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF AVIAN HEPATITIS E VIRUS ON POULTRY FARMS IN ex-USSR

Hepatitis E: Molecular Virology and Pathogenesis

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