Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus full-length genomes reveals evidence for a large nosocomial outbreak in Belgium

Investigation into withdrawal of entecavir after 20 months in an HBsAb-positive patient who received HBsAg allogeneic stem cell transplantation

“…The heterogeneity of the S region sequence was about 0.4%, which indicates it is possible that the HBV is from the same source (Figure 2 and Figure 3). If the HBV had been from her parents, the heterogeneity of the sisters' S region would be much higher (Dumpis et al, 2001;Pourkarima et al, 2009). Therefore, the sequence alignment supported our theory that the source of the virus was the patient's sister.…”

Recent Population Expansions of Hepatitis B Virus in the United States

“…The high incidence of A2 in acute cases in the United States parallels other global reports. In Europe, the majority of incident HBV strains belong to A2 (19,20), with specific strains identified in English prisons (21), in outbreaks of nosocomial HBV transmissions in Germany (22) and Belgium (23), and among MSM in The Netherlands (24). In Japan, HBV A2 has been observed to be spreading not only within the MSM community (25) but also from there to the general population (26).…”

Knowledge, attitude and behavior of health care workers regarding hepatitis B infection in primary health care, Kuwait.

“…(Chang, 2009, WHO, 1977This high prevalence rate with its sequels makes HBV infection a disease of major public health importance worldwide. (Amazigo et al 1990) HBV have common routes of transmission, such as occupational exposure among health care workers (HCWs), unprotected sexual contact, peri-natal transmission, intravenous drug use , Pourkarim et al 2009 or through blood products and contamination during medical procedures. (Alavian, 2007) Symptoms in HBV infection appear only in 35% of those infected.…”