Phylogenetic analysis of Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) infecting Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Uruguay

Bazzano, Valentin; Félix, María L.; Parodi, Pablo; Carvalho, Luis; Nava, Stefano; Armúa-Fernández, María Teresa; Venzal, José M.

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06605-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although Clade I includes Hepatozoon spp. associated with small mammals, birds, and herpetozoa, two genotypes of Hepatozoon (MW633709, MW633710), found in South American gray foxes ( Lycalopex grisea ) in Chile [ 88 ], clustered with Hepatozoon genotypes associated with Patagonia green racer snakes ( Philodryas patagoniensis ) [ 135 ] (Fig. 5 , subclade D).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) in wild mammals of the Americas: a systematic review

Thomas,

Santodomingo,

Saboya-Acosta

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Abstract Background The study of parasites provides insight into intricate ecological relationships in ecosystem dynamics, food web structures, and evolution on multiple scales. Hepatozoon Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) is a genus of protozoan hemoparasites with heteroxenous life cycles that switch infections between vertebrates and blood-feeding invertebrates. The most comprehensive review of the genus was published 26 years ago, and currently there are no harmonized data on the epizootiology, diagnostics, genotyping methods, evolutionary relationships, and genetic diversity of Hepatozoon in the Americas. Methods Here, we provide a comprehensive review based on the PRISMA method regarding Hepatozoon in wild mammals within the American continent, in order to generate a framework for future research. Results 11 out of the 35 countries of the Americas (31.4%) had data on Hepatozoon, with Carnivora and Rodentia orders having the most characterizations. Bats, ungulates, and shrews were the least affected groups. While Hepatozoon americanum, H. americanum-like, H. canis, H. didelphydis, H. felis, H. milleri, H. griseisciuri, and H. procyonis correspond to the identified species, a plethora of genospecies is pending for a formal description combining morphology and genetics. Most of the vectors of Hepatozoon in the Americas are unknown, but some flea, mite, and tick species have been confirmed. The detection of Hepatozoon has relied mostly on conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the implementation of specific real time PCR for the genus needs to be employed to improve its diagnosis in wild animals in the future. From a genetic perspective, the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene has been widely sequenced for the identification of Hepatozoon in wild animals. However, mitochondrial and apicoplast markers should also be targeted to truly determine different species in the genus. A phylogenetic analysis of herein retrieved 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences showed two main clades of Hepatozoon: Clade I associated with small mammals, birds, and herpetozoa, and Clade II associated with Carnivora. The topology of the tree is also reflected in the haplotype network. Conclusions Finally, our review emphasizes Hepatozoon as a potential disease agent in threatened wild mammals and the role of wild canids as spreaders of Hepatozoon infections in the Americas. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 , subclade D). In addition, our BLASTn comparisons for these genotypes revealed a similarity of 99.84–99.68% with Hepatozoon genotypes recovered from Patagonia green racer snakes in Uruguay (99–100% query cover, 0 gaps, 0 E-value) [ 135 ]. Additionally, these associations were supported by the haplotype network (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) in wild mammals of the Americas: a systematic review

Thomas,

Santodomingo,

Saboya-Acosta

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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“…Hepatozoon canis was firstly recognized in a crab-eating fox in Brazil [ 259 ]. An extensive survey carried out in wild canids from North Africa allowed to identify Hepatozoon spp., belonging both to clade 1 (frequent in preys) and clade 2, suggesting a possible circulation of reptile parasite species, following the ingestion of paratenic hosts, preys and/or ticks infesting preys [ 202 ], to corroborate the finding of reptile-associated Hepatozoon lineages in crab-eating foxes from Brazil [ 43 ], then confirmed by Bazzano et al [ 260 ]. In the same study, crab-eating foxes were found infected with a lineage very similar to H. americanum [ 43 ], which was reported with high prevalence along with H. canis in another study from Brazil [ 261 ].…”

Section: Hepatozoon Sppmentioning

confidence: 71%

Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids

Ebani

Nardoni

Mancianti

2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Wild canids, as well as other wild animal species, are largely exposed to bites by ticks and other hematophagous vectors where the features favoring their presence and spread are found in wooded and semi-wooded areas. Much of the information about arthropod-borne infections concerns domestic and companion animals, whereas data about these infections in wild canids are not exhaustive. The present study is a narrative review of the literature concerning vector-borne infections in wild canids, highlighting their role in the epidemiology of arthropod-borne bacteria and protozoa.

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Hepatozoon cevapii (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) in the Thamnodynastes lanei snake (Colubridae, Tachymenini) from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

et al. 2021

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Phylogenetic analysis of Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) infecting Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Uruguay

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) in wild mammals of the Americas: a systematic review

Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) in wild mammals of the Americas: a systematic review

Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids

Hepatozoon cevapii (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) in the Thamnodynastes lanei snake (Colubridae, Tachymenini) from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

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