Phylogenetic analysis of Indian rabies virus isolates targeting the complete glycoprotein gene

Continued circulation, recombination and evolution of the ancient subcontinent lineage despite predominance of the recent arctic-like lineage rabies viruses (RABV) in India

“…Using the ecto-domain coding region of the glycoprotein gene sequence, a study later found co-existence of both Arctic like 1 lineage and Indian subcontinent lineage RABV in India [13]. However, a more recent study reported that based on G gene sequence, all the Indian isolates obtained between 2001-2014 from six different species of animals were genetically related to Arctic-like 1a lineage viruses [14]. Indian RABV isolates clustered within the Arctic/Arctic-like clade are well separated in evolutionary terms from the Cosmopolitan lineage as well as other lineages that circulate in various parts of Southeast Asia [15].…”

Evolutionary trajectory of fishPiscine novirhabdovirus(=Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) across its Laurentian Great Lakes history: Spatial and temporal diversification

“…G ‐gene sequences from 61 rabies (RABV) cases in Brazilian livestock had 98% NT similarity and 97% AA conservation, with 18/27 (67%) SNPs resulting in AA changes (Cargnelutti et al., 2017). A comparable study in India examined 25 full‐length G ‐gene RABV sequences from six host species, revealing 96% sequence and 96% AA conservation (Cherian et al., 2015). Those AA changes occurred away from antigenic sites, suggesting conservation of critical gene functions and avoidance of the host immune system (Cherian et al., 2015).…”

Rabies, a Vaccine Preventable Disease: Current Status, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Control With Special Reference to India

“…At ICAR-IVRI, apart from identification of rabies in animals from clinical and post-mortem samples and studies on molecular diagnosis from stored brain tissues (Verma, 2012), molecular characterization of virus isolates from diverse species of animals and humans was also initiated by partial sequencing of N gene (Reddy et al, 2011), P gene and complete G gene (Cherian et al, 2015). These studied have demonstrated that all rabies virus isolates found in India are closely linked genetically with arctic-like 1a lineage viruses.…”

“…These studied have demonstrated that all rabies virus isolates found in India are closely linked genetically with arctic-like 1a lineage viruses. However, two distinct clusters were ascertained viz., India South and India North and all the isolates shared 95.5 -100% homology geographically, but not via host species (Cherian et al, 2015). A variety of molecular tests have been attempted for the efficient diagnosis of rabies in different laboratories of India.…”

“…All the Indian rabies isolates had 95.5-100% homology related to geography, but not to host species. Cherian et al (2015) 11. 2015 CVS-11 strain of RABV was adapted in BHK-21 cells had vaccine candidate potential and suitable for use in rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test.…”