“…Low infectious doses [1], prolonged asymptomatic shedding [80], environmental stability [121] and great strain diversity [47,51] increase the risk of infections by this virus family. Moreover, the identification of closely related animal enteric caliciviruses in pigs and cattle, and the existence of recombinants within human NoVs [48,60], porcine NoVs [15], bovine NoVs [63,122], and also within the human and the porcine SaVs [43,50] raises concerns for possible infections or co-infections of humans with animal or with human and animal enteric caliciviruses, respectively. One possible source for mixed occurrence of both animal and human enteric caliciviruses is via human consumption of contaminated raw shellfish.…”