Phylogenetic analysis of the GST family in Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi

Azevedo-Júnior, Gilson Martins de; Guimarães-Marques, Giselle Moura; Bridi, Leticia Cegatti; Ohse, Ketlen Christine; Vicentini, Renato; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro; Rafael, Míriam Silva

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.03.027

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Studies of gene trees within Anopheles have contributed to the understanding of parts of these processes that act independently in each gene, and some works present similar topologies when compared to species tree topologies 39 . Most trees generated from genes also have disparities 40 in the study of the GNBP domain 38 species of the complex An. gambiae which are not grouped in the same clade; however, An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of the supercontig of sodium channel subunit I (NaV) in 17 species of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)

Santos

Bridi

Rafael

2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Malaria is a global health problem and is transmitted by the Anopheles species. Due to the epidemiological importance of the genus, studies on biological, phylogenetic, and evolutionary aspects have contributed to the understanding of adaptation, vector capacity, and resistance to insecticides. The latter may result from different causes such as mutations in the gene that encodes the sodium channel (NaV).Methods: In this study, the NaV subunit I scaffold of 17 anopheline species was used to infer phylogenetic relationships of the genus Anopheles using Bayesian inference. The evolutionary phylogenetic tree of the NaV gene was aligned in the AliView program and analyzed utilizing Bayesian inference, using the software MrBayes. Results:The anophelines were grouped into five well-supported clusters: 1 -Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles albimanus; 2 -Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles atroparvus; 3 -Anopheles dirus; 4 -Anopheles minimus, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles maculatus, and Anopheles stephensi; and 5 -Anopheles christyi, Anopheles epiroticus, Anopheles merus, Anopheles melas, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis. Conclusions:The topology confirms the phylogenetic relationships proposed in studies based on the genome of some anophelines and reflects the current taxonomy of the genus, which suggests that NaV undergoes selection pressure during the evolution of the species. These data are useful tools for inferring their ability to resist insecticides and also help in better understanding the evolutionary processes of the genus Anopheles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of the supercontig of sodium channel subunit I (NaV) in 17 species of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)

Santos

Bridi

Rafael

2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Insecticides resistance studies of A. darlingi are scarce. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene (KC890767) obtained from cDNA libraries of larvae and adults of A. darlingi (Rafael et al, 2010) was compared by in silico mapping (Azevedo-Junior et al 2014). The GST sequence of A. darlingi clustered with A. gambiae on the same branch, with an identity of greater than 70%, suggesting that the sequence evolved from a common ancestor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene is a good indicator of resistance to the insecticide deltamethrin, once GST gene family is known to be primarily involved in oxidative stress metabolism. In a recente study of A. darlingi from Coari city, State of Amazonas, Brazil, Azevedo-Junior et al (2014) obtained the GST sequence of cDNA libraries of A. darlingi from the Brazilian Amazon region (Rafael et al 2010) for differential expression level by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) after exposure to insecticide of deltamethrin. The authors suggested that the GST gene was a good indicator of resistance to deltamethrin in A. darlingi, because of its high level of expression in relation to the housekeeping glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene (Azevedo-Junior et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recente study of A. darlingi from Coari city, State of Amazonas, Brazil, Azevedo-Junior et al (2014) obtained the GST sequence of cDNA libraries of A. darlingi from the Brazilian Amazon region (Rafael et al 2010) for differential expression level by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) after exposure to insecticide of deltamethrin. The authors suggested that the GST gene was a good indicator of resistance to deltamethrin in A. darlingi, because of its high level of expression in relation to the housekeeping glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene (Azevedo-Junior et al (2014). The authors argue, it is possible that other mechanisms (e.g., metabolic resistance) are involved with the tolerance to pyrethroid in the A. darlingi, as has already been reported in Colombia (Quiñones et al 1987;Fonseca-González et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of trypsin-3 and phosrestin II genes in the main malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, from the Brazilian Amazon region

Ohse¹,

Chi²,

Matiolli³

et al. 2017

gmr

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Anopheles darlingi is the most anthropophilic mosquito related to Plasmodium infection of malaria, causing significant morbidity and mortality in South America. Pyrethroid chemical has been used to control mosquitos. We analyzed the expression of trypsin-3 and phosrestin II genes implicated to feeding and resistance to insecticides, immune response and sensory antenna mechanisms, respectively, of larvae and adult of A. darlingi, through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We aimed to validate the similarity in nucleotide sequences of A. darlingi RNA sequencing libraries by in silico, and qRT-PCR, owing to their possible effects on the ability to spread disease. The expression of trypsin-3 and phosrestin II was higher in the first and second instar larvae as compared with that in adults. These differentially expressed trypsin-3 and phosrestin II genes do not provide us evidence that both genes participate in pyrethroid resistance. The signaling pathway involving both genes requires further study. Preliminary phylogenetic relationships and the accumulation of mutations analysis in both genes were also compared with trypsin and phosrestin sequences of 15 and 17 other anopheline species, respectively, to obtain a mutational rate of 0.02 on phylogenetic trees. Trypsin gene of A. darlingi and A. albimanus clustered into the same group and was distinct from the species of A. gambiae complex and other anopheline. For phosrestin II, A. darlingi Rafael MS, et al. 2 Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (4): gmr16039852 was separated from the remaining species from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Although the groups showed low to moderate support, it is possible to infer that both genes may belong to two evolutionary groups: one presents in the anopheline species of New World and other in the anopheline species of Old World, and be useful for future studies.

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Adaptative processes, control measures, genetic background, and resilience of malaria vectors and environmental changes in the Amazon region

et al. 2016

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This study relates multiple parameters that are involved in the occurrence and control of malaria in the Amazon. Ebbs and floods, black and white waters, fishponds, and ''repiquete'' (Amazonian waters phenomenon) influence the density of Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926. The adaptive processes, genetic background, and resilience of Anopheles vectors change in response to climate and environmental changes. This study covers the diversity of anophelines, which increases due to anthropic activities. Regarding strategies for vector control, the following measures are important: (1) use mechanical barriers inside houses (screens and impregnated mosquito nets), (2) determine the level of anopheline resistance to insecticides, and (3) determine the effect of the physiological state of females on malaria transmission effectiveness. Bioinsecticides were found to be efficient in the control of immatures, and there was no alteration of the associated fauna. Data on genetic variability and vector populations demonstrated greater polymorphism in intradomicile subpopulations. Furthermore, knowledge on the structural genome and transcriptome of A. darlingi, associated with bio-ecology and evolution, may indicate an adaptive strategy of this species to the Amazon biome. There are anthropic activities and environmental and climatic changes that favor increased vector density, requiring specific control strategies to reduce populations of this species.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the GST family in Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Phylogenetic relationships of the supercontig of sodium channel subunit I (NaV) in 17 species of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)

Phylogenetic relationships of the supercontig of sodium channel subunit I (NaV) in 17 species of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)

Differential expression of trypsin-3 and phosrestin II genes in the main malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, from the Brazilian Amazon region

Adaptative processes, control measures, genetic background, and resilience of malaria vectors and environmental changes in the Amazon region

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