Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hemagglutinin Genes of 12 H9N2 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chickens in Iran from 2003 to 2005

Moosakhani, Farhad; Shoshtari, A H; Pourbakhsh, Seyed Ali; Keyvanfar, H.; Ghorbani, Amir

doi:10.1637/9103-101309-reg.1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Efficient virus replication in dogs and mice was also described [44,45]. The virus is now endemic and many reports described virus isolation or seroprevalence in chickens, turkeys and wild birds [39,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Vaccination was used in the field to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of the virus.…”

Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

2017

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H9N2 is the most widespread avian influenza virus subtype in poultry worldwide. It infects a broad spectrum of host species including birds and mammals. Infections in poultry and humans vary from silent to fatal. Importantly, all AIV, which are fatal in humans (e.g. H5N1, H7N9) acquired their 'internal' gene segments from H9N2 viruses. Although H9N2 is endemic in the Middle East (ME) and North Africa since the late 1990s, little is known about its epidemiology and genetics on a regional level. In this review, we summarised the epidemiological situation of H9N2 in poultry and mammals in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. The virus has been isolated from humans in Egypt and serosurveys indicated widespread infection particularly among poultry workers and pigs in some countries. Some isolates replicated well in experimentally inoculated dogs, mice, hamsters and ferrets. Insufficient protection of immunised poultry was frequently reported most likely due to concurrent viral or bacterial infections and antigenic drift of the field viruses from outdated vaccine strains. Genetic analysis indicated several distinct phylogroups including a panzootic genotype in the Asian and African parts of the ME, which may be useful for the development of vaccines. The extensive circulation of H9N2 for about 20 years in this region where the H5N1 virus is also endemic in some countries, poses a serious public health threat. Regional surveillance and control strategy are highly recommended.

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Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S2). Many mutations in AIV H9N2 in ME and NA associated with adaptation to mammals have been described [25,26,46,48,50,59,75,84,95,105,118,119].…”

Section: Genetic Relatedness Of H9n2 In the Me And Namentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

2017

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“…Meanwhile, A/chicken/Central Sulawesi/M9206/2016 and A/layer/Indonesia/ CentralJava-01/2017 have 180-T. According to Moosakhani et al (2010), the level of binding affinity is associated with the presence of amino acid residue at position 180, in which 180-A (Alanine) is the lowest, 180-T is medium, and the strongest is 180-V (Valine).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Hemagglutinin Gene Fragment of Avian Influenza Virus H9 Subtype Obtained from Poultry Commercial Farm with Prominent Symptom of Decreased Egg Production

Maharani¹,

Susetya²,

Wibowo³

2022

HAYATI J Biosci

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Avian influenza virus H9N2 subtype is considered a low pathogenic strain that has been reported in Indonesia since late 2016. The outbreak has caused economic losses for farmers due to the sharp drop in egg production. The evidence of the existence of AIV H9N2 has been published, but very limited information on the prominent symptom and macroscopic lesion. This research was a retrospective study of suspected avian influenza H9 subtype, obtained from layer commercial farm with recorded characteristic symptoms. Specific trachea samples were collected and further processed to be isolated, propagated using embryonated chicken egg, and then extracted the RNA for molecular detection using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A positive result was further detected in its H-9 gene with RT-PCR technique and sequencing methods. One of five samples showed positive for RT-qPCR with CT value 30.19. Sequence analysis confirmed that the sample with characteristic macroscopic lesion could be detected in the presence of the AIV H9 subtype. Phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that this virus belongs to the China-Vietnam- Indonesia (CVI) lineage.

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“…Furthermore the studies conducted by Karimi, Torogi, and MoosaKhaniet alconfirmthesequences -Moosakhani et al, 2010. Withrespect tothe changes of12amino acids in H9N2virusesisolated frompoultryinIranin 2010by thestudy ofMoosaKhani, in case of thecirculationofthe virus in the Iran poultry farms, the incidence ofpointmutationsofthese virusesispossible (Moosakhani et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the study conducted by MoosaKhaniet al(2010) on 12 isolated H9N2virusesfrom Iran,it was found that10of12viruses hadleucine amino acid at position of 226 and the two other viruses hadglutamineamino acid (Moosakhani et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Investigation of infectious with avian influenza (H9N2) in broilers and human population in Abhar city

2015

Int. J. Biosci.

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Influenza virus H9N2 Low Pathogenicity of the viruses, it was considered as widely spread low pathogen in poultry, however there are a few reports of human infection by this virus. This study was conducted to evaluate if such infection existence in workers of slaughter house and patients in Abhar hospital.This study, was conducted in Abhar poultry houses and Abhar hospital. Two hundred samples from poultry, 100 samples from patients with non-respiratory signs, 75 samples from patients with respiratory signs and 25 samples from poultry slaughterhouse workers was taken. To prevent false positive and negative results in HI test the sera were treated by trypsin-periodate and concentrated RBC respectively, and then serums was tittered by HI test.Our results indicated 80 percent of poultry flocks, 44 percent of poultry slaughterhouse workers was positive in HI test against H9N2 influenza. The high percentage of positive cases and higher titers in slaughterhouse workers indicate that the infectivity of the virus requires close contact with birds or their droppings.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hemagglutinin Genes of 12 H9N2 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chickens in Iran from 2003 to 2005

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

Molecular Detection of Hemagglutinin Gene Fragment of Avian Influenza Virus H9 Subtype Obtained from Poultry Commercial Farm with Prominent Symptom of Decreased Egg Production

Serological Investigation of infectious with avian influenza (H9N2) in broilers and human population in Abhar city

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