Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Ribosomal DNA Regions Indicates Multiple Independent Losses of a Sexual Talaromyces State among Asexual Penicillium Species in Subgenus Biverticillium

LoBuglio, Katherine F.; Pitt, John I.; Taylor, J. W.

doi:10.2307/3760506

Cited by 114 publications

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“…ITS1 is located between 18S and 5.8S rDNA and is 162-266 bp long. As reported previously, the variable ITS regions have proven useful in resolving relation-ships between close taxonomic relatives [16][17][18] and, in the field of medical mycology, several phylogenetic studies of the ITS1 region have been reported recently [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species identification and strain typing of Malassezia species stock strains and clinical isolates based on the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions

Makimura

Tamura

Kudo

et al. 2000

Journal of Medical Microbiology

115

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This study demonstrated the application of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) ribosomal DNA sequences to the species identification and strain typing of 28 standard strains and 46 clinical isolates of the genus Malassezia. The size of ITS1 regions ranged from 162 to 266 bp. Members of the genus Malassezia (M. pachydermatis, M. furfur, M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta and M. slooffiae) were classified into seven ITS1-homologous groups and 22 ITS1-identical, individual groups. The 46 clinical isolates of lipophilic Malassezia spp. were identified as belonging to just three ITS1-homologous groups, i.e., M. furfur (19 strains: 11 from pityriasis versicolor, 4 from seborrhoeic dermatitis and 4 from atopic dermatitis). M. sympodialis (22 strains: 7 from pityriasis versicolor, 3 from seborrhoeic dermatitis, 1 from atopic dermatitis and 11 from healthy controls) and M. slooffiae (five strains: three from chronic otitis media and two from healthy controls).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species identification and strain typing of Malassezia species stock strains and clinical isolates based on the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions

Makimura

Tamura

Kudo

et al. 2000

Journal of Medical Microbiology

115

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“…Guadet et al 1989, Hibbett 1992, LoBuglio, Pitt & Taylor 1993, Hansen, Laessøe & Pfister 2001. In Cordyceps, several studies that also include associated mitosporic anamorphs have been made ; Rakotonirainy et al (1991) compared LSU rDNA sequences of Beauveria bassiana, Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, and T. extinguens and found the level of variation sufficient to discriminate among genera and species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Stensrud

Hywel‐Jones

Schumacher

2005

Mycological Research

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The ascomycetous genus Cordyceps accommodates endoparasitic species that attack arthropods or other fungi. Analyses of ITS nrDNA sequence data of 72 taxa from the teleomorph genera Cordyceps, Claviceps, Epichloe¨, and the anamorph genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paecilomyces, Polycephalomyces, and Tolypocladium assigned the taxa to four main evolutionary lineages not reflected in the current classification of Cordyceps. Ten subclades were recognized from separate analyses of data subsets. Judged from the ITS phylogenies, Cordyceps spp. with branched stromata were highly supported as a divergent lineage. Host specificity was found to be of limited phylogenetic significance, and several host shifts are suggested to have occurred during the evolution of Cordyceps. Similar ascospore morphology was not reflected in the phyletic groups, and closely related taxa showed large interspecific variation with respect to the number of segments in which the ascospores are divided. However, combinations of selected characters were found to delimitate some lineages, e.g. all Cordyceps spp. that attack hosts in the insect orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, and with non-immersed perithecia and clavate to acicular, brightly yellowish to reddish stromata, constituted a separate clade. Furthermore, all Cordyceps spp. with perithecia obliquely immersed in the stroma were recognized as a distinct monophyletic group. This clade is additionally characterized by the formation of anamorphs ascribable to the genus Hymenostilbe. The mycogenous Cordyceps spp. grouped in a separate subclade, interspersed by two cicadaen parasites and all Tolypocladium spp. except T. parasiticum. Tolypocladium and Beauveria were found to be polyphyletic. The included Claviceps and Epichloe¨taxa appeared to be derived within Cordyceps, thus making Cordyceps paraphyletic as suggested in other studies.

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“…In about 20% of known fungal species, however, a sexual stage has never been documented (18). Phylogenetic analysis has found these apparently asexual fungi to frequently have their closest relatives among the sexual fungi, which implies a recent loss of sexual functions (27). In addition, molecular studies reveal some purportedly asexual species to possess a recombining population structure, indicating that cryptic sex occurs via an unknown mechanism (5,13,39,47).…”

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Clonality and Recombination in Genetically Differentiated Subgroups of Cryptococcus gattii

et al. 2005

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Cryptococcus gattii is a pathogenic yeast that together with Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcosis in humans and animals. High numbers of viable C. gattii propagules can be obtained from certain species of Australian Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees, and an epidemiological link between Eucalyptus colonization and human exposure has been proposed. However, the highest prevalence of C. gattii cryptococcosis occurs in Papua New Guinea and in regions of Australia where the eucalypt species implicated to date are not endemic. This study investigated the population structure of three geographically distinct clinical and veterinary populations of C. gattii from Australia and Papua New Guinea. All populations that consisted of a genotype found frequently in Australia (VGI) were strongly clonal and were highly differentiated from one another. Two populations of the less common VGII genotype from Sydney and the Northern Territory had population structures inferring recombination. In addition, there was some evidence of reduced genetic differentiation between these geographically remote regions. In a companion study presented in this issue, VGII isolates were overwhelmingly more fertile than those of the VGI genotype, giving biological support to the indirect assessment of sexual exchange. It appears that the VGI genotype propagates clonally on eucalypts in Australia and on an unknown substrate in Papua New Guinea, with infection initiated by an unidentified infectious propagule. VGII isolates are completing their life cycles and may be dispersed via sexually produced basidiospores, which are also likely to initiate respiratory infection.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Ribosomal DNA Regions Indicates Multiple Independent Losses of a Sexual Talaromyces State among Asexual Penicillium Species in Subgenus Biverticillium

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Species identification and strain typing of Malassezia species stock strains and clinical isolates based on the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions

Species identification and strain typing of Malassezia species stock strains and clinical isolates based on the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions

Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Clonality and Recombination in Genetically Differentiated Subgroups of Cryptococcus gattii

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