Phylogenetic Analysis of West Nile Virus Genome, Iran

Shahhosseini, Nariman; Chinikar, Sadegh; Ataei, Behrouz; Fooks, Anthony R.; Groschup, Martin H.

doi:10.3201/eid2008.131321

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most remarkable finding of this work is the stability of the genome over a period greater than 50 years, consistent with other recent observations [28, 29]. Over that period, the picture for West Nile virus in Australia is one of overwhelming purifying selection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Archival Isolates Confirm a Single Topotype of West Nile Virus in Australia

et al. 2016

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West Nile virus is globally wide-spread and causes significant disease in humans and animals. The evolution of West Nile virus Kunjin subtype in Australia (WNVKUN) was investigated using archival samples collected over a period of 50 years. Based on the pattern of fixed amino acid substitutions and time-stamped molecular clock analyses, a single long-term lineage (or topotype) was inferred. This implies that a bottleneck exists such that regional strains eventually die out and are replaced with strains from a single source. This was consistent with current hypotheses regarding the distribution of WNVKUN, whereby the virus is enzootic in northern Australia and is disseminated to southern states by water-birds or mosquitoes after flooding associated with above average rainfall. In addition, two previous amino acid changes associated with pathogenicity, an N-Y-S glycosylation motif in the envelope protein and a phenylalanine at amino acid 653 in the RNA polymerase, were both detected in all isolates collected since the 1980s. Changes primarily occurred due to stochastic drift. One fixed substitution each in NS3 and NS5, subtly changed the chemical environment of important functional groups, and may be involved in fine-tuning RNA synthesis. Understanding these evolutionary changes will help us to better understand events such as the emergence of the virulent strain in 2011.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Archival Isolates Confirm a Single Topotype of West Nile Virus in Australia

et al. 2016

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“…The phylogenetic analysis emphasises the close genetic relationship of the Iranian WNV strain with WNV strains isolated from humans in Russia in 2007 (FJ425721), ticks in Romania in 2013 (KJ934710) and mosquitoes in Italy in 2014 (KT207791). Moreover, this is the first report demonstrating the detection of WNV lineage‐2 in Iranian mosquitoes, although WNV lineage‐2 was recently detected in an Iranian patient with encephalitis . The presence of WNV lineage‐2 in Cpp suggests that WNV lineage‐2 might be responsible for indigenous WNV cases in Iran; however, the possibility of a WNV lineage 1 strain as a co‐circulating strain in Iran cannot be excluded .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

West Nile Virus lineage‐2 inCulexspecimens from Iran

Shahhosseini

Chinikar

Moosa-Kazemi

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Clinical symptoms are non-specific to the disease, including anorexia, fever, and headache. This virus is separated into two main lineages: (i) Lineage 1 is widely distributed and highly invasive and includes most strains responsible for outbreaks in the Middle East, India, Europe, and Australia [13]; this lineage is differentiated into three clades 1a, 1b, and 1c, with viruses of clade 1a found worldwide [14] and (ii) Lineage 2 was used to be endemic to some regions of Africa [14]; however, its circulation has been recently reported in Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and the Middle East, including Iran [7,[15][16][17][18][19]. Lineage 2 has caused many human cases of neuroinvasive disease in Greece [20,21] and Italy [22], suggesting that it also can be as pathogenic as lineage 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is much serological and molecular evidence of WNV circulation in vectors, animal reservoirs, and dead end hosts in Iran [9,17,18,[26][27][28][29][30]. Nevertheless, only few studies have succeeded in identifying the WNV lineages circulating in the country [15,17,18]: Cx. pipiens s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Transmission Potential of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 for Cx. pipiens s.l. of Iran

Bakhshi

Mousson

Vazeille

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Vector competence is an important parameter in evaluating whether a species plays a role in transmission of an arbovirus. Although the protocols are similar, interpretation of results is unique given the specific interactions that exist between a mosquito population and a viral genotype. Here, we assessed the infection (IR), dissemination (DR), and transmission (TR) rates of Cx. pipiens s.l., collected from Iran, for West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1a. We showed that Cx. pipiens s.l. mosquitoes in Iran were susceptible to WNV with IR up to 89.7%, 93.6%, and 83.9% at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) respectively. In addition, DR and TR reached respectively 92.3% and 75.0% at 21 dpi, and the number of viral particles delivered with saliva reached up to 1.33 × 105 particles. Therefore, an unexpected high risk of WNV dissemination in the region where Cx. pipiens s.l. mosquitoes are well established should be considered carefully and surveillance measures implemented accordingly.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of West Nile Virus Genome, Iran

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Archival Isolates Confirm a Single Topotype of West Nile Virus in Australia

Archival Isolates Confirm a Single Topotype of West Nile Virus in Australia

West Nile Virus lineage‐2 inCulexspecimens from Iran

High Transmission Potential of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 for Cx. pipiens s.l. of Iran

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