Phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis of measles outbreaks in Denmark, 2013 to 2014

Rasmussen, Lasse Dam; Fonager, Jannik; Knudsen, Lisbet Krause; Andersen, Peter Henrik; Rønn, Jesper; Poulsen, Mille Weismann; Franck, Kristina Træholt; Fischer, Thea Kølsen

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2015.20.39.30027

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, B3 seq1 variant (B3-Harare), which was repeatedly imported from Philippines (Takahashi et al, 2014; Minagawa et al, 2015; Miyoshi et al, 2015, 2017; National Institute of Infetious Diseases [NIID], and Tuberculosis, and Infectious Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare [MHLW], 2015a,b; Yagi et al, 2015; Kaida et al, 2018), was the major cause of measles outbreaks in 2013 and 2014 in Japan. Between 2013 and 2016, outbreaks by the B3-Harare strain have been also observed in European countries (Rasmussen et al, 2015; Magurano et al, 2016, 2017; Santibanez et al, 2017). Data from the MeaNS sequence database (WHO and PHE) show that B3-Harare strain has been imported into many other countries from the Philippines and detected worldwide between 2013 and 2015.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

et al. 2019

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Genotyping evidence that supports the interruption of endemic measles virus (MV) transmission is one of the essential criteria to be verified in achieving measles elimination. In Japan since 2014, MV genotype analyses have been performed for most of the measles cases in prefectural public health institutes nationwide. With this strong molecular epidemiological data, Japan was verified to have eliminated measles in March, 2015. However, even in the postelimination era, sporadic cases and small outbreaks of measles have been detected repeatedly in Japan. This study investigated the nationwide molecular epidemiology of MV between 2008 and 2017. The 891 strains in the total period between 2008 and 2017 belonged to seven genotypes (D5, D4, D9, H1, G3, B3, and D8) and 124 different MV sequence variants, based on the 450-nucleotide sequence region of the N gene (N450). The 311 MV strains in the postelimination era between 2015 and 2017 were classified into 1, 7, 8, and 32 different N450 sequence variants in D9, H1, B3, and D8 genotypes, respectively. Analysis of the detection period of the individual N450 sequence variants showed that the majority of MV strains were detected only for a short period. However, MV strains, MVs/Osaka.JPN/29.15/ [D8] and MVi/Hulu Langat.MYS/26.11/ [D8], which are named strains designated by World Health Organization (WHO), have been detected in many cases over 2 or 3 years between 2015 and 2017. The WHO-named strains have circulated worldwide, causing outbreaks in many countries. Epidemiological investigation revealed repeated importation of these WHO-named strains into Japan. To demonstrate the elimination status (interruption of endemic transmission) in situations with repeated importation of the same strains is challenging. Nevertheless, the detailed sequence analysis of individual MV strains and chronological analysis of these strains provided sufficient evidence to show that Japan has still maintained its measles elimination status in 2017.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

et al. 2019

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“…Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that is preventable with vaccination, in the absence of preventive measures, the disease will develop in more than 90% of susceptible persons when they become exposed to infected patients (13). Measles elimination programs were based on maintaining optimal levels of vaccination coverage and implementation of a national and a local surveillance system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence of measles in central Italy: the experience of a hospital in Rome

et al. 2019

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Measles continue to be a major public health issue worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. The disease is still endemic in Europe and during 2017 a vast outbreak was described in Italy, Romania and Hungary, which led to thousands of new cases and several deaths. In Italy, 3931 confirmed cases of measles were reported to the Italian national surveillance system from many Italian administrative regions; Lazio, in central Italy, exhibited the highest number of infected patients 1322 (33.63%) and as well as the highest incidence. In this study, we describe the results of a retrospective analysis, carried out during 2016 and 2017, concerning the measles antibody prevalence in patients and healthcare workers attending the Sant’Andrea Hospital of Rome (Lazio). A total of 94 patients (median 30 years of age) were screened in 2016, and 316 (median 40 years of age) during 2017, with an increase of 236% compared to previous year. During 2017, 41 confirmed cases of measles were reported while none in 2016 (P<0.007), and we found a suboptimal immunization coverage in our cohort of patients. Furthermore, measles surveillance of Sant’Andrea healthcare workers during the study period involved 208 personnel units (median >47 years of age) and only one confirmed measles infection was recorded in 2017. These results suggest that there is still an unvaccinated portion of the adult population, who sustain the endemic circulation of measles in Italy. In addition to reach herd immunization on children of 2 years old, catch-up vaccination campaign targeting adult population in Italy and other European countries needs to be implemented to prevent future measles outbreak.

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“…This was the first time an outbreak of measles genotype B3 was recorded in Ireland. Outbreaks of measles genotype B3 have occurred in Denmark [ 16 ], the UK [ 17 ] and Italy [ 18 , 19 ] in recent years. Subsequent to this outbreak, cases of this genotype have occurred elsewhere throughout Europe [ 20 - 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A national measles outbreak in Ireland linked to a single imported case, April to September, 2016

et al. 2018

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Endemic measles transmission was interrupted for the first time in Ireland in 2015. In May 2016, a case of measles was confirmed in an adult who had travelled from Hungary to Ireland (index case). Cases subsequently arose in five of the eight public health regions around the country. There were 40 confirmed cases in Ireland between April and September 2016. All sequenced cases were genotype B3. Vaccination status was known for 34 cases, of whom 31 were unvaccinated. Median age was 8 years (range: 3 months to 40 years). Ten cases were nosocomial, and three cases were infected on separate international flights. One linked case occurred in a resident of Slovenia. Nineteen cases were hospitalised; median duration of hospitalisation was 5 days (range: 2–8 days). The primary case was a child who travelled from Romania to Ireland via Budapest, and infected the index adult case on the same flight. This was the first reported outbreak of measles genotype B3 in Ireland. This outbreak demonstrated that Ireland remains at risk of measles outbreaks due to persistent suboptimal vaccination rates.

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Phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis of measles outbreaks in Denmark, 2013 to 2014

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus in Japan Between 2008 and 2017

Recurrence of measles in central Italy: the experience of a hospital in Rome

A national measles outbreak in Ireland linked to a single imported case, April to September, 2016

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