Phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization of two novel clade 2.3.2.1 H5N2 subtype avian influenza viruses from chickens in China

Ge, Zhichuang; Xu, Lijun; Hu, Xiaomiao; Zhu, Shanshan; Ying, Zhao; Li, Yang; Liu, Kaituo; Gao, Ruyi; Wang, Xiaoquan; Hu, Jiao; Liu, Xiaowen; Hu, Shunlin; Peng, Daxin; Gu, Minghong

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105205

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results and further observations of M807 infections in migratory dabbling and diving ducks are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of HPAIV ecology in field settings. [11,12]. A clade 2.3.2.1 HPAIV was also isolated from a domesticated Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) in our surveillance study in Vietnam (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM992c/2017 (H5N1); accession numbers: LC656314-21).…”

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confidence: 85%

“…Although clade 2.3.2.1 HPAIVs have become minor in comparison with the globally circulating clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs, they have perpetuated in poultry populations in East Asian countries; Ge et al . reported clade 2.3.2.1 H5N2 and H5N6 HPAIVs in China from 2017 to 2018 [ 11 , 12 ]. A clade 2.3.2.1 HPAIV was also isolated from a domesticated Muscovy duck ( Cairina moschata ) in our surveillance study in Vietnam (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM992c/2017 (H5N1); accession numbers: LC656314–21).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of common dabbling and diving duck species to clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus: an experimental infection study

Soda

Tomioka

Usui

et al. 2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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In the winter of 2010–2011, Japan experienced a large outbreak of infections caused by clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild birds. Interestingly, many tufted ducks ( Aythya fuligula ), which are migratory diving ducks, succumbed to the infection, whereas only one infection case was reported in migratory dabbling duck species, the major natural hosts of the influenza A virus, during the outbreak. To assess whether the susceptibility of each duck species to HPAIVs was correlated with the number of cases, tufted duck and dabbling duck species (Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope ; mallard, Anas platyrhynchos ; Northern pintail, Anas acuta ) were intranasally inoculated with A/Mandarin duck/Miyazaki/22M807-1/2011 (H5N1), an index clade 2.3.2.1 virus previously used for experimental infection studies in various bird species. All ducks observed for 10 days post-inoculation (dpi) mostly shed the virus via the oral route and survived. The tufted ducks shed a higher titer of the virus than the other dabbling duck species, and one of them showed apparent neurological symptoms after 7 dpi, which were accompanied by eye lesions. No clinical symptoms were observed in the dabbling ducks, although systemic infection and viremia were observed in some of them sacrificed at 3 dpi. These results suggest that the susceptibility of clade 2.3.2.1 HPAIVs might differ by duck species.

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of common dabbling and diving duck species to clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus: an experimental infection study

Soda

Tomioka

Usui

et al. 2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In avian species, H9N2, H5Nx, and H7N9 are the major subtypes that seriously affect poultry industry worldwide (Carnaccini and Perez 2020 ; Lee et al 2017 ; Lee et al 2021 ). Noteworthy, various HA clades such as clade 2.3.4.4 and clade 2.3.2.1, plus multiple NA subtypes such as H5N1, H5N6, and H5N8, have additionally increased the complexity of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx viruses (Antigua et al 2019 ; Ge et al 2021 ; Ge et al 2022 ). As for the novel reassortant H7N9 virus which emerged in 2013, it has evolved from low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) to HPAI form and exhibited obvious antigenic variation to challenge the vaccine efficiency (Liu et al 2021 ; Wu et al 2021 ; Yin et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus

Jiao

Liu

et al. 2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Nucleoprotein (NP) functions crucially in the replicative cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) via forming the ribonucleoprotein complex together with PB2, PB1, and PA proteins. As its high conservation, NP ranks one of the hot targets for design of universal diagnostic reagents and antiviral drugs for IAV. Here, we report an anti-NP murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5F10 prepared from traditional lymphocyte hybridoma technique with the immunogen of a clade 2.3.4.4 H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus. The specificity of mAb 5F10 to NP protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and western blotting, and the mAb 5F10 could be used in immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry assays. Importantly, mAb 5F10 possessed broad-spectrum reactivity against H1~H11 subtypes of avian influenza viruses, including various HA clades of H5Nx subtype. In addition, mAb 5F10 also showed good affinity with H1N1 and H3N2 subtype influenza viruses of swine and human origin. Furthermore, the recognized antigenic epitope of mAb 5F10 was identified to consist of the conserved amino acid motif 81 EHPSA 85 in the second flexible loop region of NP protein through screening the phage display peptide library. Collectively, the mAb 5F10 which recognizes the novel universal NP linear B-cell epitope of IAV with diverse origins and subtypes will be a powerful tool for NP protein-based structural, functional, and mechanistic studies, as well as the development of detection methods and universal vaccines for IAV. Key points • A broad-spectrum mAb against various subtypes and sources of IAV was developed • The mAb possessed good reactivity in IFA, western blot, IP, and IHC assays • The mAb targeted a novel conserved linear B-cell epitope involving 81 EHPSA 85 on NP protein

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“…Importantly, H9N2 viruses of the G1 and Y280 clades showed the ability to also infect mammals and humans as dead-end hosts [30]. Moreover, the cocirculation of zoonotic H9N2 with other AIV subtypes favors the occurrence of genetic reassortment and the emergence of novel viruses of public health concern, as demonstrated by the notorious cases of human infections caused by H5N1, H7N9 and H10N8 harboring the internal gene cassette donated by poultry-adapted H9N2 viruses [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redesign and Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR to Improve Surveillance for Avian Influenza Viruses of the H9 Subtype

Panzarin

Marciano

Fortin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Avian influenza viruses of the H9 subtype cause significant losses to poultry production in endemic regions of Asia, Africa and the Middle East and pose a risk to human health. The availability of reliable and updated diagnostic tools for H9 surveillance is thus paramount to ensure the prompt identification of this subtype. The genetic variability of H9 represents a challenge for molecular-based diagnostic methods and was the cause for suboptimal detection and false negatives during routine diagnostic monitoring. Starting from a dataset of sequences related to viruses of different origins and clades (Y439, Y280, G1), a bioinformatics workflow was optimized to extract relevant sequence data preparatory for oligonucleotides design. Analytical and diagnostic performances were assessed according to the OIE standards. To facilitate assay deployment, amplification conditions were optimized with different nucleic extraction systems and amplification kits. Performance of the new real-time RT-PCR was also evaluated in comparison to existing H9-detection methods, highlighting a significant improvement of sensitivity and inclusivity, in particular for G1 viruses. Data obtained suggest that the new assay has the potential to be employed under different settings and geographic areas for a sensitive detection of H9 viruses.

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Phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization of two novel clade 2.3.2.1 H5N2 subtype avian influenza viruses from chickens in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Susceptibility of common dabbling and diving duck species to clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus: an experimental infection study

Susceptibility of common dabbling and diving duck species to clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus: an experimental infection study

Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus

Redesign and Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR to Improve Surveillance for Avian Influenza Viruses of the H9 Subtype

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