Phylogenetic and physiological characterization of a heterotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic Thiothrix strain isolated from activated sludge

Rossetti, Simona; Blackall, Linda L.; Levantesi, Caterina; Uccelletti, Daniela; Tandoi, Valter

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02647-0

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recently, specific thiosulfate oxidation rates of pure cultures of Thiothrix isolated from activated sludge (32) and Thiothrixdominated activated sludge (24) have been determined to be 1.9 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 and 0.9 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 mmol S 2 O 3 2Ϫ cell Ϫ1 h Ϫ1 , respectively. By multiplying these oxidation rates by the population density of Thiothrix determined in the biofilms (ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7B), like Thiothrix sp. strain CT3 cells (32), and thus were distinguishable from type 021N Thiothrix species (lacking a sheath). In situ hybridization with the SO07-specific probe revealed that a number of rod-shaped SO07 cells (approximately 10 8 cells cm Ϫ3 ) were mainly present along with some filamentous bacteria at the surface (100 m) of the biofilm (Fig.…”

Section: Vol 71 2005 Development Of Internal S Cycle and Sob Populamentioning

confidence: 94%

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Succession of Internal Sulfur Cycles and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms

Okabe

Ito

Sugita

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) community structure and the complex internal sulfur cycle occurring in wastewater biofilms growing under microaerophilic conditions was analyzed by using a polyphasic approach that employed 16S rRNA gene-cloning analysis combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization, microelectrode measurements, and standard batch and reactor experiments. A complete sulfur cycle was established via S 0 accumulation within 80 days in the biofilms in replicate. This development was generally split into two phases, (i) a sulfur-accumulating phase and (ii) a sulfate-producing phase. In the first phase (until about 40 days), since the sulfide production rate (sulfate-reducing activity) exceeded the maximum sulfide-oxidizing capacity of SOB in the biofilms, H 2 S was only partially oxidized to S 0 by mainly Thiomicrospira denitirificans with NO 3 ؊ as an electron acceptor, leading to significant accumulation of S 0 in the biofilms. In the second phase, the SOB populations developed further and diversified with time. In particular, S 0 accumulation promoted the growth of a novel strain, strain SO07, which predominantly carried out the oxidation of S 0 to SO 4 2؊ under oxic conditions, and Thiothrix sp. strain CT3. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the dense populations of Thiothrix (ca. 10 9 cells cm ؊3 ) and strain SO07 (ca. 10 8 cells cm ؊3 ) were found at the sulfur-rich surface (100 m), while the population of Thiomicrospira denitirificans was distributed throughout the biofilms with a density of ca. 10 7 to 10 8 cells cm ؊3 . Microelectrode measurements revealed that active sulfide-oxidizing zones overlapped the spatial distributions of different phylogenetic SOB groups in the biofilms. As a consequence, the sulfide-oxidizing capacities of the biofilms became high enough to completely oxidize all H 2 S produced by SRB to SO 4 2؊ in the second phase, indicating establishment of the complete sulfur cycle in the biofilms.In wastewater biofilms, due to the relatively high organic input and low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, an internal sulfur cycle consisting of sulfate reduction and subsequent sulfide oxidation is an important process for carrying electrons from the deeper anoxic zone to the oxic surface zone. Consequently, the sulfur cycle could be responsible for mineralization of a substantial part of the organic matter and consumption of dissolved oxygen (19,25,34), which prevent the emission of odorous and toxic hydrogen sulfide gas from the biofilms.The reductive side of the sulfur cycle (i.e., sulfate reduction) occurs only biologically. Thus, the population dynamics, biodiversity, and in situ ecophysiology of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in wastewater biofilms have been extensively investigated by combining a 16S rRNA gene approach and microelectrode measurements (11,12,25,26,27,34). In contrast, the oxidative side of the sulfur cycle (i.e., sulfide oxidation) occurs both biologically and chemically. The chemical oxidation reaction is, however, rather s...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 71 2005 Development Of Internal S Cycle and Sob Populamentioning

confidence: 94%

Succession of Internal Sulfur Cycles and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms

Okabe

Ito

Sugita

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…appeared first probably because Thiothrix spp. have an ability to grow heterotrophically or chemolithotrophically with H 2 S and S 2 O 3 2Ϫ as electron donors at a neutral pH (38). Next, Thiomonas spp.…”

Section: Succession Of Concrete Corrosion and Microbial Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Microbial Community on Corroding Concrete in Sewer Systems

Okabe

Odagiri

Ito

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

305

238

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Microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) in sewer systems has been a serious problem for a long time. A better understanding of the succession of microbial community members responsible for the production of sulfuric acid is essential for the efficient control of MICC. In this study, the succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the bacterial community on corroding concrete in a sewer system in situ was investigated over 1 year by culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based molecular techniques. Results revealed that at least six phylotypes of SOB species were involved in the MICC process, and the predominant SOB species shifted in the following order: Thiothrix sp., Thiobacillus plumbophilus, Thiomonas intermedia, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, Acidiphilium acidophilum, and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A. thiooxidans, a hyperacidophilic SOB, was the most dominant (accounting for 70% of EUB338-mixed probe-hybridized cells) in the heavily corroded concrete after 1 year. This succession of SOB species could be dependent on the pH of the concrete surface as well as on trophic properties (e.g., autotrophic or mixotrophic) and on the ability of the SOB to utilize different sulfur compounds (e.g., H 2 S, S 0 , and S 2 O 3 2؊). In addition, diverse heterotrophic bacterial species (e.g., halo-tolerant, neutrophilic, and acidophilic bacteria) were associated with these SOB. The microbial succession of these microorganisms was involved in the colonization of the concrete and the production of sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the vertical distribution of microbial community members revealed that A. thiooxidans was the most dominant throughout the heavily corroded concrete (gypsum) layer and that A. thiooxidans was most abundant at the highest surface (1.5-mm) layer and decreased logarithmically with depth because of oxygen and H 2 S transport limitations. This suggested that the production of sulfuric acid by A. thiooxidans occurred mainly on the concrete surface and the sulfuric acid produced penetrated through the corroded concrete layer and reacted with the sound concrete below.Concrete corrosion has an enormous economic impact worldwide, especially when the replacement or repair of municipal sewer systems is required. Concrete corrosion is the result of several causes such as carbonation, chloride erosion, and other chemical reactions. In sewer systems and wastewater treatment facilities where high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and oxygen are present in the atmosphere, the deterioration of concrete is caused mainly by biogenic acid (i.e., sulfuric acid) and is known as microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC). The biogenic acid is generated by various microbial species and complex mechanisms. The general mechanism for the sulfuric acidcaused corrosion of sewer systems has been described in the literature (17, 36). In the first step, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria under anaerobic conditions in sewer pipes. This hydrogen sulfide enters the sewer atmosphere by v...

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“…Thiothrix sp. CT3 was isolated from an activated sludge treatment plant in Italy by Rossetti et al (2003). These authors showed that there are several differences between Thiothrix sp.…”

Section: Strains G1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiothrix caldifontis sp. nov. and Thiothrix lacustris sp. nov., gammaproteobacteria isolated from sulfide springs

Chernousova

Gridneva

Grabovich

et al. 2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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T , G2, P and K2 are able to fix molecular nitrogen, but strain BL T is not. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis was used to assess the level of genetic relationships among the Thiothrix isolates. The Nei and Li similarity index revealed high genetic similarity among strains G1 T , G2, P and K2 (above 75 %), indicating that they are closely related. In combination with physiological and morphological data, strains G1 T , G2, P and K2 can be considered as members of the same species. The lowest genetic similarity (approx. 20 %) was reached between strain BL T and the other isolated Thiothrix strains. Strains BL T and G1 T shared 35 % DNA-DNA relatedness and showed 51 and 53 % relatedness, respectively, toThiothrix fructosivorans ATCC 49749. On the basis of this polyphasic analysis, strains G1 T

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Phylogenetic and physiological characterization of a heterotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic Thiothrix strain isolated from activated sludge

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Succession of Internal Sulfur Cycles and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms

Succession of Internal Sulfur Cycles and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms

Succession of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Microbial Community on Corroding Concrete in Sewer Systems

Thiothrix caldifontis sp. nov. and Thiothrix lacustris sp. nov., gammaproteobacteria isolated from sulfide springs

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