Phylogenetic characteristics of HIV‐1 among travelers entering China from Myanmar: A retrospective study

Zhang, Li; Wang, Binhui; Liang, Yilong; Feng, Yue; Dong, Shihao; Wang, Yajuan; Li, Yaping; Zhang, A-Mei; Liu, Li; Wei-hong, Qin; Xia, Xueshan

doi:10.1002/jmv.24786

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Mobility behavior from the BSS data showed that 14.6% of PWID traveled to different districts while few traveled to India and bought sex while abroad (NASP, 2017). Nepal reported high HIV prevalence among returnees from India, particularly FSW (44%) (Zhang et al, 2017). In contrast, China reported a low HIV prevalence (0.2%-0.6%) among cross border travelers from Myanmar and Vietnam (Wang et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

HIV-1 drug resistance and genotypes circulating among HIV-positive key populations in Bangladesh: 2016 update

Rahman

Reza

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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HIV-1 subtyping data of Bangladeshi strains are available in global HIV Sequence Database up to 2007, and there is no sequence of drug resistance profile based on the pol gene segment. This study aimed to update HIV genotyping data and describe the drug resistance mutations for the first time from Bangladesh using specimens from the latest HIV sero-surveillance conducted in 2016. Study design and methods: During HIV sero-surveillance, a total of 1268 people who inject drugs (PWID) and 3765 female sex workers (FSW) were screened and among them, 230 (18.1%) PWID and 7 (0.2%) FSW were HIV positive. Among HIV positives, randomly selected 74 specimens (60 male-PWID, 7 female-PWID, and 7 FSW) were subjected to gag, pol, and env gene sequencing using gene-specific primers. Genotyping was decided based on the partial gag and env genes while transmission dynamics was based on the gag sequence (n = 237). Drug resistance profiles were obtained by using the algorithm of the established available drug resistance database. Results: HIV subtype C and C-related recombinants have remained the major circulating genotypes in Bangladesh. Although the recurring transmission of subtype C occurred among PWID, we identified possible transmission to other key populations (KPs), which suggests spillover from PWID through the sexual route. The prevalence of drug-resistant mutation was low, and all strains were susceptible to NRTIs and NNRTIs drugs. Unique recombination forms (URF) with genotype C for gag-pol and A1 for env was also identified. Conclusions:The study findings warrant continuous monitoring of HIV-positive individuals and future investigation to identify social networks within and between KPs to halt the transmission and prevent new infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

HIV-1 drug resistance and genotypes circulating among HIV-positive key populations in Bangladesh: 2016 update

Rahman

Reza

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The target fragment for the subgenotyping includes 99 amino acid coding codons from the protease (PR) region, and resistance analysis consists of approximately 300 amino acid coding codons from the reverse transcriptase region (primer sequences listed in Supplementary Table S1). The subgenotype of HIV-1 was tested using Bioedit and MEGA5 software with the standard strains selected from the Los Alamos HIV database, and mutation sites were identified using the Stanford HIV-resistant database (Rhee et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Subgenotype Determination and Drug Resistance Gene Mutation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretroviral Long-Term Efficacy and Resistance of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Lamivudine in HIV-1-Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients (ALTERLL): 144-Week Results of a Randomized, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority Study From Guangdong, China

Guo

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Dual therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus lamivudine (3TC) has been demonstrated to be non-inferior to the triple drug regimen including LPV/r plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in 48-week studies. However, little is known about the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of this simplified strategy. A randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial (ALTERLL) was conducted to assess the efficacy, drug resistance, and safety of dual therapy with LPV/r plus 3TC (DT group), compared with the first-line triple-therapy regimen containing tenofovir (TDF), 3TC plus efavirenz (EFV) (TT group) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-1–infected adults in Guangdong, China. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/ml at week 144. Between March 1 and December 31, 2015, a total of 196 patients (from 274 patients screened) were included and randomly assigned to either the DT group (n = 99) or the TT group (n = 97). In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis at week 144, 95 patients (96%) in the DT group and 93 patients (95.9%) in the TT group achieved virological inhibition with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml (difference: 0.1%; 95% CI, –4.6–4.7%), meeting the criteria for non-inferiority. The DT group did not show significant differences in the mean increase in CD4+ cell count (247.0 vs. 204.5 cells/mm3; p = 0.074) or the CD4/CD8 ratio (0.47 vs. 0.49; p = 0.947) from baseline, or the inflammatory biomarker levels through week 144 compared with the TT group. For the subgroup analysis, baseline high viremia (HIV-1 RNA > 100,000 copies/ml) and genotype BC did not affect the primary endpoint or the mean increase in CD4+ cell count or CD4/CD8 ratio from baseline at week 144. However, in patients with genotype AE, the DT group showed a higher mean increase in CD4+ cell count from baseline through 144 weeks than the TT group (308.7 vs. 209.4 cells/mm3; p = 0.038). No secondary HIV resistance was observed in either group. Moreover, no severe adverse event (SAE) or death was observed in any group. Nonetheless, more patients in the TT group (6.1%) discontinued the assigned regimen than those in the DT group (1%) due to adverse events. Dual therapy with LPV/r plus 3TC manifests long-term non-inferior therapeutic efficacy, low drug resistance, good safety, and tolerability compared with the first-line triple-therapy regimen in Guangdong, China, indicating dual therapy is a viable alternative in resource-limited areas.Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR1900024611].

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“…To achieve the UNAIDS 90–90–90 goals, a series of harm reduction programs that focused on foreigners were performed by the Yunnan government [16]. From January 2003 to December 2012, the HIV status of over 70,000 foreigners entering Yunnan from Myanmar was detected, and 1961 were found to be HIV-1 seropositive [17]. Compared with those (e.g., businessmen and travelers) who crossed the border through land ports, transnational migrant IDUs more commonly went through convenient byways along the 2,185-kilometer border between China and Myanmar for the purpose of purchasing drugs, visiting family or friends, and/or doing business or odd jobs [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burmese injecting drug users in Yunnan play a pivotal role in the cross-border transmission of HIV-1 in the China-Myanmar border region

Chen

Wang

et al. 2018

Virulence

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Injecting drug users (IDUs) are the major risk group for HIV-1 infection in the China-Myanmar border area. There are a large number of Burmese IDUs living in Yunnan (Yunnan-mIDUs) who might be associated with the cross-border transmission of HIV-1. From 2010 to 2013, 617 Yunnan-mIDUs were recruited from three counties of Yunnan, 19.0% of whom were detected to be HIV-1 positive by serological testing. Partial HIV-1 p17, pol, vif-env, and env genes were amplified from the positive samples and were sequenced. Phylogenetic and HIV-1 subtyping analyses revealed that HIV-1 recombinant forms (RFs), including RF_BC (36.4%), RF_01BC (26.1%), RF_01C (9.1%) and RF_01B (1.1%), were predominant among this cohort. Of the identified HIV-1 strains, 14.8%, 9.1% and 3.4% belonged to subtype C, CRF01_AE and subtype B, respectively. Transmission cluster analysis showed that sequences from the Yunnan-mIDUs formed transmission clusters not only with those from Burmese IDUs but also with those from Chinese IDUs, indicating that Yunnan-mIDUs might acquire HIV-1 infection from or spread HIV-1 to both Burmese and Chinese IDUs. Phylogeographic analyses revealed three cross-border transmission patterns associated with Yunnan-mIDUs, in which Yunnan-mIDUs served as the crucial nodes linking the Burmese and Chinese IDUs. These results suggest that Yunnan-mIDUs are a potential viral reservoir for the diffusion of HIV-1 in Yunnan and play a pivotal role in the bidirectional cross-border transmission of HIV-1 in the China-Myanmar border region. More intervention efforts that focus on Yunnan-mIDUs are recommended in Yunnan’s campaign against HIV/AIDS.

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Phylogenetic characteristics of HIV‐1 among travelers entering China from Myanmar: A retrospective study

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

HIV-1 drug resistance and genotypes circulating among HIV-positive key populations in Bangladesh: 2016 update

HIV-1 drug resistance and genotypes circulating among HIV-positive key populations in Bangladesh: 2016 update

Antiretroviral Long-Term Efficacy and Resistance of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Lamivudine in HIV-1-Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients (ALTERLL): 144-Week Results of a Randomized, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority Study From Guangdong, China

Burmese injecting drug users in Yunnan play a pivotal role in the cross-border transmission of HIV-1 in the China-Myanmar border region

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