Phylogenetic diversity of termite gut spirochaetes

Lilburn,; Schmidt, Thomas; Breznak,

doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.1999.00043.x

Cited by 139 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Delta-proteobacteria have been recognised as playing a major role in the H 2 +CO 2 economy of termite hindgut communities; nitrogen-fixing Desulfovibrio strains have been isolated from the gut of termites (Ohkuma et al 1996;Sato et al 2009). Spirochaetes are a major constituent of wood-feeding termite gut microbiota (Lilburn et al 1999;Leadbetter et al 1999), both in lower (Yang et al 2005) and higher termites (Paster et al 1996;Warnecke et al 2007). In contrast, the population of Spirochaetes in the gut of fungus-growing and soil-feeding termites is lower SchmittWagner et al 2003) or absent (Shinzato et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)

et al. 2015

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Termite gut is host to a complex microbial community consisting of prokaryotes, and in some cases flagellates, responsible for the degradation of lignocellulosic material. Here we report data concerning the analysis of the gut microbiota of Reticulitermes lucifugus (Rossi), a lower termite species that lives in underground environments and is widespread in Italy, where it causes damage to wood structures of historical and artistic monuments. A 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed that the R. lucifugus gut is colonized by members of five phyla in the domain Bacteria: Firmicutes (49 % of clones), Proteobacteria (24 %), Spirochaetes (14 %), the candidatus TG1 phylum (12 %), and Bacteroidetes (1 %). A collection of cellulolytic aerobic bacteria was isolated from the gut of R. lucifugus by enrichment cultures on different cellulose and lignocellulose substrates. Results showed that the largest amount of culturable cellulolytic bacteria of R. lucifugus belongs to Firmicutes in the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus (67 %). These isolates are also able to grow on xylan and show the largest clear zone diameter in the Congo red test. Reticulitermes lucifugus hosts a diverse community of bacteria and could be considered an acceptable source of hydrolytic enzymes for biotechnological applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)

et al. 2015

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“…The taxonomic compositions of gut bacteria have been examined in various termite species by 16S rRNA clone analysis (Table 1). 7,8,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] More than 1,500 phylotypes in total (with a criterion of >97% sequence identity in near-full length 16S sequence) have been obtained to date, most of which have never been detected in other environments and show low sequence similarities to cultured bacterial strains. In both lower and higher termites, it has been estimated that a single termite species harbors several hundred or more gut bacterial phylotypes.…”

Section: Diversity Of Termite Gut Symbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Genomes of Uncultured Microbial Symbionts in the Termite Gut

Hongoh

2010

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Spirochaetes exist in several environments (Choi et al, 1997;Iida et al, 2000;Lilburn et al, 1999;Paster et al, 1996) in addition to the human oral cavity. Furthermore, a number of spirochaetes are present in termite guts (Lilburn et al, 1999).…”

Section: Computer-simulated T-rflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lilburn et al (1999) reported that at least 21 new species of Treponema were recognized within one termite species. In our study, 194 treponemal sequences (including termite-gut spirochaetal clones) retrieved from the DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank were selected for the T-RFLP analysis.…”

Section: Computer-simulated T-rflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 16S rDNA clone library analysis revealed that all termitegut spirochaetal clones were affiliated with the genus Treponema (Iida et al, 2000;Lilburn et al, 1999;Paster et al, 1996). Lilburn et al (1999) reported that at least 21 new species of Treponema were recognized within one termite species. In our study, 194 treponemal sequences (including termite-gut spirochaetal clones) retrieved from the DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank were selected for the T-RFLP analysis.…”

Section: Computer-simulated T-rflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of terminal RFLP analysis to characterize oral bacterial flora in saliva of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis

Sakamoto

Takeuchi

Umeda

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

105

106

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Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was applied to characterize oral bacterial flora in saliva from 18 healthy subjects and 18 patients with periodontitis. The 16S rRNA genes (rDNAs) of oral bacteria and spirochaetes in saliva were amplified by PCR with a 69carboxy-fluorescein (6-FAM)-labelled universal forward primer (27F) and a universal reverse primer (1492R) or the Spirochaeta-selective reverse primer. The 16S rDNAs were digested with restriction enzymes with 4 bp recognition sites (HhaI or MspI) and analysed by using an automated DNA sequencer. T-RFLP patterns were numerically analysed using a computer program. From analysis of the oral bacterial community, patterns derived from periodontally healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis were grouped into different clusters, though with some uncertainty. Samples from patients with periodontitis tended to cluster into their respective types (aggressive and chronic periodontitis), although this was not very clear. Analysis of spirochaetal community using T-RFLP showed that the patterns derived from patients with periodontitis were grouped more as compared with the analysis of the oral bacterial community. These results suggest that samples from patients with periodontitis contain an unexpected diversity. T-RFLP patterns of 16S rDNAs from saliva samples of two periodontally healthy subjects over a 5-week period showed host-specific relatively stable oral bacterial flora. Our study indicates that T-RFLP analysis is useful for the assessment of diversity of oral bacterial flora and rapid comparison of the community structure between subjects with and without periodontitis. INTRODUCTIONA large number and variety of bacteria exist in the human oral cavity. However, analysis of these bacterial communities has been limited by conventional culture-dependent methods; thus, many oral bacteria remain uncultured and uncharacterized. Consequently, studies of causal microorganisms of oral diseases including periodontal disease are, in general, restricted to cultivable species.Recently, a phylogenetic approach based on 16S rRNA genes (rDNA) has been applied to investigate the diversity of cultivable and non-cultivable species in the human oral cavity without cultivation (Choi et al., 1994(Choi et al., , 1996Dymock et al., 1996;Kroes et al., 1999;Paster et al., 2001;Sakamoto et al., 2000;Spratt et al., 1999). The 16S rDNA clone library method can provide direct sequence information. Paster et al. (2001) demonstrated that the predominant subgingival microbial community consisted of 347 species or phylotypes, based on analysis of 2522 16S rRNA clones. However, analysis of individual 16S rDNA clones is an expensive and extremely inefficient approach for comparison of a multitude of bacterial communities.Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a new molecular approach that allows the assessment of a diversity of complex bacterial communities and rapid comparison of the community structure and diversity of different ecosyst...

show abstract

Phylogenetic diversity of termite gut spirochaetes

Cited by 139 publications

References 59 publications

The gut microbiota of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)

The gut microbiota of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)

Diversity and Genomes of Uncultured Microbial Symbionts in the Termite Gut

Application of terminal RFLP analysis to characterize oral bacterial flora in saliva of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis

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