Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Baculoviruses: Evolutionary Rates and Host Associations

Zanotto, Paolo Marinho de Andrade; Kessing, Bailey; Maruniak, James E.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1993.1090

Cited by 246 publications

(188 citation statements)

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“…This suggests NPV evolution comprises of two distinct branches (13,14). However, conclusive support for this hypo-thesis could only be gained through continued molecular analysis of various other conserved baculovirus genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fielding

Davison

1999

Virus Genes

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Abstract. The polyhedrin gene (polh) was identified from the Trichoplusia ni (Tni) single capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SNPV). An EcoRI fragment containing the truncated polyhedrin gene was detected by hybridization with an AcMNPV expression vector probe; the remaining portion of the gene was amplified by reverse PCR. An open reading frame (ORF) of 741 nucleotides (nt), encoding a putative protein of 246 amino acids (a.a) with M r 28,780 Da was identified. The 5 t -noncoding region contained the putative late (TAAG) transcription initiation motif. The 3 t end, downstream of the translation stop codon, lacked an obvious putative poly (A) signal. Nucleotide and amino acid homology are greater than 80% to that of Mamestra brassicae polyhedrin sequences. Results suggest that T. niSNPV is a member of the group II nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. IntroductionThe Family Baculoviridae are invertebrate-specific pathogens that contain a single circular supercoiled double stranded DNA molecule that ranges in size from 80-220 kilobases (1). In excess of 600 insect species are susceptible to baculovirus infection, with a single virus isolate normally restricted to one host or a few closely related species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fielding

Davison

1999

Virus Genes

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“…In contrast, the tree topology generated by the polyhedron (polh) gene placed AcMNPV in group II and it was suggested that the polh gene of AcMNPV might have recombined with that of a virus in group II [30][31][32] . The Lepidopteran NPVs were separated into two groups, group I and II, based on the conserved gene, polyhedron, which encoded the major occlusion body protein required for producing viral progeny 3,5 . Later, the phylogenetics of NPVs were generated with other conserved genes, www.scienceasia.org for example lef-2 33 , lef-8, lef-9 34,35 , and ecdysteroid UBP-glycosyl transferase (egt) 4 .…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Group Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genomes of 37 Lepidopteran NPVs including BmNPV 2 have been sequenced completely and are available in the NCBI database. The Lepidopteran NPVs were first separated into group I and group II, based on the polyhedrine gene 3 . Such division into two groups has been supported by phylogenetic analysis based on other genes [4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chotimanothum¹,

Pinpart²,

Ngernsiri³

2011

ScienceAsia

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The immediate early 1 (ie-1) gene is essential for DNA replication of nucleopolyhedrosis virus. Here, the gene ie-1 from nucleopolyhedrovirus (Nanglai-BmNPV) infecting a local silkworm (Bombyx mori), Nanglai strain, was cloned and sequenced. The gene contained a 1755 bp open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 584 amino acids, molecular weight 66.9 kDa, and isoelectric point 5.79. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Nanglai-BmNPV ie-1 gene showed, respectively, 98 and 97% identity to those of the BmNPV ie-1 genes. The identity of the Nanglai-BmNPV IE-1 deduced amino acid sequence with IE-1 protein sequences of other 37 known Lepidopteran NPVs varied from 20% up to 97%. The phylogenic tree established with the IE-1 protein sequences of the Lepidopteran NPVs showed similar topology to those previously reported using highly conserved genes. Interestingly, the tree obtained with IE-1 clearly shows that the Lepidopteran NPVs group II clade can be subdivided into three subgroups.

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“…Baculoviruses are a group of arthropod-specific viruses (Zanotto et al, 1993) that have been applied as insecticides and as vectors for the expression of exogenous genes. They have a biphasic replication strategy producing two distinct viral phenotypes: the budded virion (BV) and the occlusion-derived virion (ODV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypsin cleavage of the baculovirus occlusion-derived virus attachment protein P74 is prerequisite in per os infection

Slack

Lawrence²,

Krell

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) contain a number of infectivity factors essential for the initiation of infection in larval midgut cells. Deletion of any of these factors neutralizes infectivity by the per os route. We have observed that P74 of the group I alphabaculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is N-terminally cleaved when a soluble form of the protein was incubated with insect midgut tissues under alkaline conditions and that cleavage was prevented by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). Presently, biological assays were carried out that suggest SBTI inhibits and trypsin enhances baculovirus per os infectivity. We developed a method to rescue per os infectivity of a P74 null virus involving co-transfection of viral DNA with a plasmid that transiently expresses p74. We used this plasmid rescue method to functionally characterize P74. A series of site-directed mutants were generated at the N terminus to evaluate if trypsin cleavage sites were necessary for function. Mutagenesis of R195, R196 and R199 compromised per os infectivity and rendered P74 resistant to midgut trypsin. INTRODUCTIONBaculoviruses are a group of arthropod-specific viruses (Zanotto et al., 1993) that have been applied as insecticides and as vectors for the expression of exogenous genes. They have a biphasic replication strategy producing two distinct viral phenotypes: the budded virion (BV) and the occlusion-derived virion (ODV). Both virion phenotypes have bilayer lipid envelopes surrounding bacillus-shaped nucleocapsids and contain double-stranded, circular DNA genomes. However, the integral protein composition of their envelopes and their roles in infection are distinct.BVs spread viral infection throughout host tissues by attaching to and entering host cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis (Volkman & Goldsmith, 1985). Endosomal acidification triggers envelope fusion with the endosomal membrane to release the viral nucleocapsid into the host cell (Leikina et al., 1992). In the case of group I alphabaculoviruses (Jehle et al., 2006), budding, attachment and envelope fusion are mediated by the viral protein GP64 (Blissard & Wenz, 1992) and for other baculovirus types these processes are mediated by an F protein (Pearson et al., 2000; Westenberg et al., 2002).ODVs are required in the horizontal transmission of baculoviruses between insect hosts (Kozlov et al., 1986). The ODVs of all baculoviruses are occluded into proteinaceous occlusion bodies (OBs) prior to release from the host (Rohrmann, 1986). The distinctive protein structure of OBs has a dual function. It serves to protect virions from deleterious environmental factors, and also acts as a delivery mechanism to transport the ODVs to the alkaline midgut where the cells are susceptible to infection.ODV envelopes are derived from the inner nuclear membrane (Braunagel & Summers, 1994) and contain envelope proteins that can survive the protease-rich environment of the insect midgut. ODVs attach to midgut columnar epithelial cells and fuse th...

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Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Baculoviruses: Evolutionary Rates and Host Associations

Cited by 246 publications

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Trypsin cleavage of the baculovirus occlusion-derived virus attachment protein P74 is prerequisite in per os infection

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