Phylogenetic Patterns Suggest Broad Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease Across Cervidae

Mawdsley, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1002/wsb.1059

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus ) and related cervids [ 1 , 2 ], with severe impacts on native wildlife, that also reverberate economically for recreational hunting and ancillary commercial enterprises [ 3 , 4 ]. Most CWD eradication efforts have proven unsuccessful thus far [ 5 ], leading to its continued spread and increased prevalence [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age structuring and spatial heterogeneity in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphism in white-tailed deer

Chafin

Douglas

Martin

et al. 2020

Prion

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Chronic-wasting disease (CWD) is a prion-derived fatal neurodegenerative disease that has affected wild cervid populations on a global scale. Susceptibility has been linked unambiguously to several amino acid variants within the prion protein gene (PRNP). Quantifying their distribution across landscapes can provide critical information for agencies attempting to adaptively manage CWD. Here we attempt to further define management implications of PRNP polymorphism by quantifying the contemporary geographic distribution (i.e., phylogeography) of PRNP variants in hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus, N = 1433) distributed across Arkansas (USA), including a focal spot for CWD since detection of the disease in February 2016. Of these, PRNP variants associated with the well-characterized 96S non-synonymous substitution showed a significant increase in relative frequency among older CWD-positive cohorts. We interpreted this pattern as reflective of a longer life expectancy for 96S genotypes in a CWDendemic region, suggesting either decreased probabilities of infection or reduced disease progression. Other variants showing statistical signatures of potential increased susceptibility, however, seemingly reflect an artefact of population structure. We also showed marked heterogeneity across the landscape in the prevalence of 'reduced susceptibility' genotypes. This may indicate, in turn, that differences in disease susceptibility among WTD in Arkansas are an innate, populationlevel characteristic that is detectable through phylogeographic analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age structuring and spatial heterogeneity in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphism in white-tailed deer

Chafin

Douglas

Martin

et al. 2020

Prion

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“…Phased haplotypes were derived from sequence analysis of 720 nucleotides of the PRNP gene. Letters indicate 568 haplotypes previously detected in other states, whereas numbers (1)(2)(3)(4) indicate haplotypes unique to Arkansas. Variable sites of haplotypes are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age structuring and spatial heterogeneity in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphism in white-tailed deer

Chafin

Douglas

Martin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Chronic-wasting disease (CWD) is a prion-derived fatal neurodegenerative disease that has affected wild cervid populations on a global scale. Susceptibility has been linked unambiguously to several amino acid variants within the prion protein gene (PRNP). Quantifying their distribution across landscapes can provide critical information for agencies attempting to adaptively manage CWD. Here we attempt to further define management implications of PRNP polymorphism by quantifying the contemporary geographic distribution (i.e., phylogeography) of PRNP variants in hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus, N=1433) distributed across Arkansas (USA), including a focal spot for CWD since detection of the disease in February 2016. Of these, PRNP variants associated with the well-characterized 96S non-synonymous substitution showed a significant increase in relative frequency among older CWD-positive cohorts. We interpreted this pattern as reflective of a longer life expectancy for 96S genotypes in a CWD-endemic region, suggesting either decreased probabilities of infection or reduced disease progression. Other variants showing statistical signatures of potential increased susceptibility, however, seemingly do so as an artefact of population structure. We also showed marked heterogeneity across the landscape in the prevalence of ‘reduced susceptibility’ genotypes. This may indicate, in turn, that differences in disease susceptibility among WTD in Arkansas are an innate, population-level characteristic that is detectable through phylogeographic analysis.

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“…Further, CWD has been detected in captive cervid populations in 18 U.S. states and three Canadian provinces (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/expanding-distribution-chronic-wasting-disease). Current evidence (Falcão et al 2017; Mawdsley 2020; Buchholz et al 2021; Hannaoui et al 2017; Sohn et al 2002; Hamir et al 2011; Nalls et al 2013; Benestad et al 2016; Vikøren 2019; Cullingham et al 2020; USGS 2021) indicates that CWD occurs in several native North American cervid species, including white-tailed deer ( O. virginianus ), North American elk…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-invasive, Biomarker Assay for Detecting Chronic Wasting Disease Pathology in White-tailed Deer

Bradley

Roberts

Worsham

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We describe a non-invasive blood test that exploits differences in the abundance of diagnostic miRNA biomarkers associated with prion infections in cervids. Three potentially diagnostic and two control miRNAs were amplified in 93 serum samples from pen-raised white- tailed deer exposed to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). Initial analyses revealed sensitivity of the method to interference from hemolysis, requiring exclusion of excessively hemolyzed specimens from further analysis. Results of the miRNA test on the minimally hemolyzed samples from 33 animals were congruent (100% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, 93.9% accuracy) with results from standard CWD diagnosis by immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of plaques in medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes and obex tissue, performed by a USDA certified laboratory. Overall, the miRNA assay performed as well as, if not superior to, other common CWD testing alternatives to IHC. Thus, this antemortem biomarker-based test offers a new addition to the resources available for monitoring and managing transmission and spread of CWD that is potentially more rapid and sensitive, and amenable to high throughput scaling.

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Phylogenetic Patterns Suggest Broad Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease Across Cervidae

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Age structuring and spatial heterogeneity in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphism in white-tailed deer

Age structuring and spatial heterogeneity in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphism in white-tailed deer

Age structuring and spatial heterogeneity in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphism in white-tailed deer

A Non-invasive, Biomarker Assay for Detecting Chronic Wasting Disease Pathology in White-tailed Deer

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