Phylogenetic placement of the Cyrtolophosididae Stokes, 1888 (Ciliophora; Colpodea) and neotypification of Aristerostoma marinum Kahl, 1931

Dunthorn, Micah; Eppinger, Marion; Schwarz, Martın; Schweikert, Michael; Boenigk, Jens; Katz, Laura A.; Stoeck, Thorsten

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000935-0

Cited by 21 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The most diverse groups in the sampled marine biomes were oligotrichs, choreotrichs and oligohymenophoreans. Colpodeans, usually reported in freshwater and terrestrial environments, were also confirmed to be quite numerous, although the vast majority of colpodean sequences were assigned by EukRef‐Ciliophora to a single genus, Aristerostoma , which includes known marine species (Dunthorn et al ., ). In total, 26% of the HTS reads were classified to a higher degree of resolution (i.e., to less inclusive taxa) by EukRef‐Ciliophora as compared with SILVA (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

EukRef‐Ciliophora: a manually curated, phylogeny‐based database of small subunit rRNA gene sequences of ciliates

Boscaro

Santoferrara

Zhang

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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High-throughput sequencing (HTS) surveys, among the most common approaches currently used in environmental microbiology, require reliable reference databases to be correctly interpreted. The EukRef Initiative (eukref.org) is a community effort to manually screen available small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences and produce a public, high-quality and informative framework of phylogeny-based taxonomic annotations. In the context of EukRef, we present a database for the monophyletic phylum Ciliophora, one of the most complex, diverse and ubiquitous protist groups. We retrieved more than 11 500 sequences of ciliates present in GenBank (28% from identified isolates and 72% from environmental surveys). Our approach included the inference of phylogenetic trees for every ciliate lineage and produced the largest SSU rRNA tree of the phylum Ciliophora to date. We flagged approximately 750 chimeric or low-quality sequences, improved the classification of 70% of GenBank entries and enriched environmental and literature metadata by 30%. The performance of EukRef-Ciliophora is superior to the current SILVA database in classifying HTS reads from a global marine survey. Comprehensive outputs are publicly available to make the new tool a useful guide for non-specialists and a quick reference for experts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

EukRef‐Ciliophora: a manually curated, phylogeny‐based database of small subunit rRNA gene sequences of ciliates

Boscaro

Santoferrara

Zhang

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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“…All colpodean species that have been described in enough detail have micronuclei (e.g., Bourland et al, 2013;Dunthorn et al, 2009;Foissner, 1993;Foissner et al, 2014;Quintela-Alonso et al, 2011). As micronuclei are only involved in sex (as far as we know), we propose that this cytological feature would have been lost over evolutionary time if the colpodeans are asexual.…”

Section: Genomic Data Support Secretive Sex In Colpodeansmentioning

confidence: 90%

Meiotic Genes in Colpodean Ciliates Support Secretive Sexuality

Dunthorn

Zufall

Chi

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The putatively asexual Colpodean ciliates potentially pose a problem to macro-organismic theories of evolution. They are extremely ancient (although asexuality is thought to hasten extinction), and yet there is one apparently derived sexual species (implying an unlikely regain of a complex trait). If macro-organismic theories of evolution also broadly apply to microbial eukaryotes, though, then most or all of the colpodean ciliates should merely be secretively sexual. Here we show using de novo genome sequencing, that colpodean ciliates have the meiotic genes required for sex and these genes are under functional constraint. Along with these genomic data, we argue that these ciliates are sexual given the cytological observations of both micronuclei and macronuclei within their cells, and the behavioral observations of brief fusions as if the cells were mating. The challenge that colpodean ciliates pose is therefore not to evolutionary theory, but to our ability to induce microbial eukaryotic sex in the laboratory.

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“…On the other hand, the bipartition of the paroral membrane in cyrtolophosidids is unique within the class Colpodea, and it is thus considered as their most important apomorphic character (Foissner 1993), as also corroborated by molecular phylogenies (e.g. Dunthorn et al. 2009; Quintela‐Alonso et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Paroral membrane. The paroral membrane is typically J‐shaped, dikinetidal and bipartited in the outgroup (Foissner 1993; Dunthorn et al. 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and phylogeny of a new woodruffiid ciliate, Etoschophrya inornata sp. n. (Ciliophora, Colpodea, Platyophryida), with an account on evolution of platyophryids

Bourland¹,

Hampikian²,

Vďačný³

2012

Zoologica Scripta

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We studied the morphology, morphometry, resting cysts, and molecular phylogeny of a new woodruffiid ciliate, Etoschophrya inornata, from ephemeral puddles and two lacustrine habitats in Idaho, Northwest U.S.A. Up to now the genus Etoschophrya has included a single species, E. oscillatoriophaga, from which our new form is distinguished by (1) the absence of interkinetal cortical granules and, consequently, the absence of extrusible red material in methyl green-pyronin stains; (2) usually ≥ five adoral membranelles vs. usually four; (3) greater length and length:width ratio; (4) prominent cortical furrows vs. inconspicuous; and (5) adaptation to nonsaline semiterrestrial and lacustrine habitats in the Nearctic vs. highly saline alkaline Afrotropic soil habitats. Resting cysts have two distinct membranes and a thick hyaline mucous pericyst layer. However, only one membrane persists in older cysts. Like its congener, E. inornata feeds exclusively on filamentous cyanobacteria. The 18S rRNA gene sequence places this species in a strongly supported clade with Kuklikophrya ougandae basal to the other platyophryids. We include a morphologic cladistic analysis of platyophryid ciliates and present a hypothetical scenario for the evolution of the platyophryid oral structures.

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Phylogenetic placement of the Cyrtolophosididae Stokes, 1888 (Ciliophora; Colpodea) and neotypification of Aristerostoma marinum Kahl, 1931

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

EukRef‐Ciliophora: a manually curated, phylogeny‐based database of small subunit rRNA gene sequences of ciliates

EukRef‐Ciliophora: a manually curated, phylogeny‐based database of small subunit rRNA gene sequences of ciliates

Meiotic Genes in Colpodean Ciliates Support Secretive Sexuality

Morphology and phylogeny of a new woodruffiid ciliate, Etoschophrya inornata sp. n. (Ciliophora, Colpodea, Platyophryida), with an account on evolution of platyophryids

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