Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography of the Groundwater-Dwelling Amphipod Genus Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea), with Emphasis on the Iberian Species

The comparative data from studies of two 'superfamily' groups with large numbers of subterranean taxa, the exclusively freshwater Crangonyctoidea and the predominately marine Hadzioidea, support the hypothesis that distributional patterns and evolutionary processes of stygobiont amphipods are closely linked and that the former can be a useful indicator of the latter. Three major biogeographic patterns are indicated by the distribution of subterranean species in these groups, each apparently reflecting a particular mode of origin: (1) freshwater stygobionts (limnostygobionts) derived from epigean freshwater ancestors through colonizations probably influenced by adaptive shifts, or assisted by stream capture and spring failure; (2) freshwater stygobionts derived from marinelbrackish water ancestors by stranding during regression of marine embayments; and (3) marinebrackish water stygobionts (thalassostygobionts) derived from epigean marinebrackish water ancestors through adaptive shifts possibly in concert with fluctuating sea levels. ZusammenfassungVergleichende Untersuchungen zweier Superfamilien, jede mit einer grossen Anzahl unterirdischer Taxa, die ausschiesslich im Susswasser verbreiteten Crangonyctoidea und die vorwiegend marinen Hadzioidea, stutzen die Hypothese, dass Verbreitungsmuster und phylogenetische Prozesse stygobionter Amphipoden eng miteinander verbunden sind, und dass Erstere ein niitzlicher Indikator fur Letztere sind. Die Verbreitung unterirdischer Arten in dieser Gruppe weist auf drei biogeographische Muster hin, von denen jedes eine bestimmte Herkunft reflecktiert: (1) Susswasser-Stygobionten (Limnostygobionten) konnen durch Kolonisation, wahrscheinlich beeinflusst durch Veranderungen in der Anpassung, aus epigaischen Susswasser-Vorfahren hergeleitet werden, oder unterstutzt durch 'stream capture' und 'spring failure' (Versiegen von Quellen); (2) Susswasser-Stygobionten stammen von marinen1Brackwasser-Vorfahren ab, welche im Verlauf der marinen Regression 'gestrandet' sind: und (3) marine/Brackwasser-Stygobionten (Thalassostygobionten) enstammen epigaischen marinen/BrackwasserVorfahren durch Veranderungen in der Anpassung in Zusammenhang mit Wasserstandsanderungen.

Section: Hadzioidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern and process in the biogeography of subterranean amphipods

Holsinger

1994

“…It is believed that the palaegeography of the Tethys and of the emerged areas (Dercourt et al, 1985), transgressions and regressions, as well as the drift of small blocks and large plates (Rogl & Steiniger, 1984) would have played a major role in the evolutionary history of many subterranean crustaceans (Stock, 1980;Notenboom, 1991;Boutin & Coineau, 1987, 1988Coineau, 1985;Dole & Coineau, 1987;Ruffo, 1992;Boutin, 1993).…”

Section: Geological History Of the Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary biogeography of the Microparasellid isopod Microcharon (Crustacea) in the Mediterranean Basin

Coineau

1994

The interstitial subterranean isopod Microcharon (Crustacea) is highly diversified within the Mediterranean. The present distribution of 70 species is considered the result of the joint history of this genus and its environment. This stygobiont is derived from marine surface ancestors. Both Plate Tectonics and the two-step model of colonization and evolution, the second phase of which represents vicariance during the Tethys regressions, enable an understanding of the evolutionary history of this monophyletic group. The single extant marine littoral species was separated from its sister group by the closure of the Gibraltar Straits during the Messinian. The drift of the Apulian plate, the AlboranKabylian-Calabrian fragment as well as the opening of the western Mediterranean through the translation of the Corsican-Sardinia plate could explain the divergences in the western and the eastern Mediterranean. The primitive sister groups in Morocco and in Spain would have been left by the Turonian Tethys regression. Such regressions of the Tethys embayments could have played a major role in the evolution of the genus from Turonian up to Tortonian in Norht Africa, and up to Pliocene and even to Pleistocene in Italian, Iberian and Greek zones. Several eastern European species may be a product of the Paratethys regressions. Everywhere, species with plesiomorphic characters are related to old regressions and vice versa. Local geological events could have resulted in further vicariance divergences. There is a good congruence between the evolutionary history of Microcharon and other stygobiont isopod, amphipods or syncarids living in the same regions studied in the Mediterranean.

“…Later it was possible to use the model in studies dealing with several groups of crustaceans in different parts of the world (e.g. Danielopol & Hart, 1985;Notenboom, 1985Notenboom, , 1988Notenboom, , 1991Boutin & Cals, 1985Boutin & Coineau, 1987Dole & Coineau, 1987;Stock, 1990). Thus numerous references to the 'Regression Model' and its succesful use in so many different cases may be taken as evidence of the relevance of the model.…”

Section: Conclusion: An Attempt Proposed To Test the Paleobiogeograpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and biogeography of metacrangonyctid amphipods in North Africa

Boutin

1994

The Metacrangonyctidae are distributed from the Canarian Archipelago to Israel and from the Balearic Islands to the pre-Saharian areas of Algeria, but Morocco seems to be the place where the family has especially split into a number of species now living in different parts of the Country. Data on the phylogenetic relationships of the family, on the geographic distribution of species in Morocco, and on the geological history of the regions inhabited by the different species lead us to consider the origin of these amphipods and their occurrence near or far (600 km) from the present marine shore as the result of a 'Two-step Model of Colonization and Evolution'. The first step (vertical transition of the marine ancestors) may have occurred once during the Mesozoic period, some time before the Turonian period. The second step (horizontal tmsition of littoral interstitial ancestors) may have occurred once each time during the Turonian and the Senonian Cretaceous marine regressions for the different groups of Metacrangonyx species, and during the Lutetian Eocene regression for the species of the genus hngipodacrangonyx. The correlation between each lineage of Metacrangonyctidae and one marine regression seems to be corroborated by a similar pattern of distribution and evolution of the Moroccan Isopoda Cirolanidae. After acceptance of the above evolutionary scenario of Moroccan Metacrangonyctidae, the occurrence of one species of the family in a new area and its inclusion in one of the identified lineages may provide valuable information about some aspects of the historical geology of the area (i.e. the occurrence of Metacrangonyx repens in the Fuerteventura Canarian Island or those of M. longipes in Balearic Islands). RCsumCLa famille des Metacrangonyctidae se rencontre depuis I' Archipel des Canaries jusqu'en Isrdl et des Baleares jusqu'aux regions pdsahariennes du Maroc et de I'AlgCrie, mais c'est au Maroc que la famille s'est particulitrement diversifiee en un grand nombre d'esptces qui vivent actuellement dans les eaux souterraines des diverses regions du pays. Les donnQs relatives B la phylogenie de la famille, B la distribution des espkes au Maroc et B I'histoire geologique des regions habitees par les diffkrentes esgces, conduisent B envisager I'origine de ces Amphipodes, et leur presence prts ou loin (600 km) des rivages marins actuels, comme le resultat d'un 'Modtle biphase de colonisation et d'Cvolution'. La premitre &ape (une transition Bcologique verticale des anc&tres marins) a pu se produire pendant l'tre secondaire, au Crktace, un peu avant le Turonien. La seconde &ape (une transition horizontale passive des anc&tres qui vivaient dans l'interstitiel littoral) a dB se produire pendant les regressions marines cr6tacCes du Turonien puis du SBnonien, pour les divers groupes d'esp&ces de Metacrangonyx, et enfin 2 1 I'Eoctne pendant la regression du Lutetien pour les esptces du genre Longipodacrangonyx. La codlation entre c h q u e groupe monophyl6tique de Metacrangonyctidae et une regression marine d6terminBe ...