Phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of the genus Sinocyrtaspis Liu, 2000 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) reveal speciation processes related to climate change

Abstract

Species of Sinocyrtaspis Liu inhabit moist montane environments in south China, and occur allopatrically in restricted regions without overlapping areas. This study presents the first phylogeny of Sinocyrtaspis based on one nuclear DNA sequence [partial ITS1‐5.8S rDNA‐ITS2 (ITS)] as well as two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (CYTB)] using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood. In addition, reconstructing the ancestral geographical range on the basis of the combined genes and distribution information, MaxEnt modelling was used to predict potential distribution areas in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid‐Holocene, the present‐day and in the year 2070, in order to understand speciation processes and responses to climate change in this genus. The phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Sinocyrtaspis. The results of species delimitation confirmed seven Sinocyrtaspis species and that the speciation events mainly occurred in the late Miocene to early Pliocene when the climate became colder and drier. The conclusions of the phylogeographical analysis are as follows: (i) the centres of origin of Sinocyrtaspis were Hunan and north‐east Guangxi; (ii) two dispersal routes became obvious with the final destinations of Jiangxi and Zhejiang, respectively; (iii) after the Miocene cooling period, the ancestor species partly remained in Guizhou and partly spread; (iv) as a response to climate change, species altered distribution areas by moving along altitude gradients in mountain regions, whereas the anthropogenic global warming trend has promoted some species moving to high‐latitude areas or caused population differentiation.

Phylogeny and phylogeography of Diestramima cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): speciation driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events

“…According to the division of the three groups, D. brevis and D. truncata should be assigned to the Diestramima intermedia group, D. lamina and D. arbora should be assigned to the Diestramima austrosinensis group and D. tibetensis, whereas D. cryptopygia and D. subtilis should be removed from the Diestramima triangulata group. The interspecific relationships do not follow a geographic pattern as species that occur geographically close together do not have a close phylogenetic relationship, which is also found in other genera of Rhaphidophoridae (Allegrucci et al, 2017) and in Tettigoniidae (Wang et al, 2020).…”

“…Central China (B) and Guangdong-Guangxi (G) may be the centre of species diversification and distribution, as they have the richest diversity of species and are suggested as ancestral range for several clades. The changed climatic conditions possibly promoted the rapid diversification of the genus Diestramima, as suggested for other taxa (Hemp et al, 2019;Hemp et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020).…”

Different processes shape the patterns of divergence in the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of a relict tree species in East Asia

“…The chloroplasts in our study species are maternally inherited and can only be transmitted to offspring by seed flow, whereas the nuclear genomes are biparentally inherited and can be transmitted via both seed and pollen flows. Dispersal of the seeds and pollen of L. obtusiloba is mediated by birds and insects, respectively (Smith, Hamel, Devall, & Nathan, 2004), and previous phylogeographic studies and fossils data indicate that climate change can affect the distribution of these vector species (Dong et al, 2017; Kharouba, Lewthwaite, Guralnick, Kerr, & Vellend, 2019; Wang, Zhu, Heller, Zhou, & Shi, 2020). Hence, it is to be assumed that dispersal based on these species would be influenced to a considerable extent by climate fluctuations (Guisan & Thuiller, 2005; Pearson & Dawson, 2003; Van der Putten, Macel, & Visser, 2010).…”

Three new genera and five new species of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Southwestern China

“…Due to the reduced tegmina, the dispersal ability of these species is limited, indicating they occur in a restricted region. In China, thanks to the suitable climate conditions, the species of this tribe are mainly distributed in the Oriental region, with most of them being endemic (Wang T. et al 2020c).…”

“…et al , 2015a, especially brachypterous groups, most of which occur in South, Southwest and Central China (Bian et al 2012a(Bian et al , 2012b(Bian et al , 2013Wang H.Q. et al 2015b;Cui et al 2019Cui et al , 2020Wang T. et al 2019aWang T. et al , 2019bWang T. et al , 2020aWang T. et al , 2020bWang T. et al , 2020c.…”