Phylogenetic relationships in the division Lipastromorphi(Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the world as deduced from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences.

Abstract

Phylogenetic trees have been constructed using mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences of 85 specimens representing 40 species belonging to the division Lipastromorphi of the subtribe Carabina (= genus Carabus s. lat.) of the world. In the trees constructed by several methods, there have been recognized a basal split into two lineages, A and B, which are further divided into 2 (A1 and A2) and 9 (B1-B9) sublineages, respectively. Each sublineage and the clustering of the species in the trees are more or less linked to their geographic distribution. Morphology of the species within A1 or A2 in the lineage A is similar, and the species in most of the sublineages in the lineage B are common in a number of important morphological characters in spite of their long evolutionary histories. Whilst such a morphological stability, considerable morphological changes may be recognized upon or after split of lineages and sublineages. Based on the molecular phylogeny together with the morphological data, the pattern of diversification is discussed.

Evolutionary history of Calosomina ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Carabinae) of the world as deduced from sequence comparisons of the mitochondrial ND5 gene

“…Direct sequencing was performed with an automated ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer. Details of the PCR amplification and direct sequencing methods have described in our previous papers (Su et al, 1996(Su et al, , 1998(Su et al, , 2003a(Su et al, , 2004b.…”

Pattern of phylogenetic diversification of the Cychrini ground beetles in the world as deduced mainly from sequence comparisons of the mitochondrial genes

“…The 5V-20 bases of the SKCOI-7 and 5V -17 bases of KSCOI-2 were used for sequencing, respectively. The methods of DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing were according to Su et al (1996aSu et al ( , 1998Su et al ( , 2003a. The gene sequences of the mitochondrial ND5 (1069 bp) and the nuclear 28S rDNA (834 -881 bp) were also analyzed in some cases according to the protocols by Kim et al (2000) and Su et al (2001).…”

“…The Carabinae consist of about 1000 to 1500 species, and most of them (800 -1000 species) belong to the Carabina. We have been performing extensive phylogenetic studies of the Carabinae by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences (Imura et al, 1998a(Imura et al, ,b, 2000aKim et al, 1999aKim et al, ,b, 2000Su et al, 1996aSu et al, ,b,c, 1998Su et al, , 2000aSu et al, ,b, 2001Su et al, , 2003aTominaga et al, 2000).…”

Mode of morphological differentiation in the Latitarsi-ground beetles(Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the world inferred from a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences.

“…Morphologically, they have been classified into 17 genera (Imura,l996) which include 168 species (Březina,l999). The phylogenetic trees of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene sequences have been reported for some groups in this division, namely, the Oreocarabus complex (Imura et al, 1998a), Leptocarabus (Kim et al, 2000a, b) and Tomocarabus in the Japanese Islands (Su et al, 2000). The representative genera in this division seem to have radiated within a relatively short time a little after or around the radiation of the Carabina 50-40 million years ago (MYA) as deduced from an ND5 phylogenetic tree.…”