Phylogenetic relationships in the species–rich Irano–Turanian genus <i>Alcea</i> (Malvaceae)

García, Pedro Escobar; Pakravan, Maneezheh; Schönswetter, Peter; Aguilar, Javier; Schneeweiss, Gerald M.

doi:10.1002/tax.612004

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We analysed three molecular matrices: nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (trnL-trnF, psbA-trnH, ndhF) and the cpDNA + nrDNA combined matrix (i.e., the concatenated dataset). The plastid genome behaves as a single linkage group (Escobar-García & al., 2012), so plastid markers were concatenated a priori using FASconCAT v.1.0 (Kuck & Meusemann, 2010). However, prior to concatenation of the cpDNA and nrDNA matrices, we checked the congruency between the nrDNA and cpDNA trees by visually inspecting incongruent placements of individual accessions or whole clades (Pirie, 2015) with Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 and bootstrap support > 70% (Hillis & Bull, 1993;Salichos & al., 2014); after removal of the incongruent accessions the cpDNA and nrDNA matrices were concatenated and analysed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA‐sequences: Systematic and evolutionary inferences

Aparicio

Martín-Hernanz

Parejo-Farnés

et al. 2017

TAXON

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Helianthemum is the largest, most widely distributed and most taxonomically complex genus of the Cistaceae. To examine the intrageneric phylogenetic relationships in Helianthemum, we used sequence data from plastid DNA (ndhF, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF) and the nuclear ITS region. The ingroup consisted of 95 species and subspecies (2 subgenera, 10 sections) from throughout the range of Helianthemum, while the outgroup was composed of 30 species representing all the genera in the Cistaceae (Cistus Crocanthemum, Fumana, Halimium, Hudsonia, Lechea, Tuberaria) plus Anisoptera thurifera subsp. polyandra (Dipterocarpaceae). To infer phylogenetic relationships, we analysed three different matrices (cpDNA, nrDNA, cpDNA + nrDNA concatenated) using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, and performed molecular dating to estimate the ages of origin of the main clades using a Bayesian approach. The cpDNA + nrDNA concatenated dataset provided the highest Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap support values, and the results supported the monophyly of the genus Helianthemum and its sister relationship to a clade consisting of all species of Cistus, Crocanthemum, Halimium, Hudsonia and Tuberaria. This result means that we did not retrieve the sister relationship between Helianthemum and Crocanthemum (plus Hudsonia) that could be expected according to previous published studies. Despite their different statistical support, the topology of the inner branches of all the consensus trees showed that Helianthemum is characterized by the emergence of three major clades in agreement with above-species taxonomy, although unresolved polytomies still remain towards the tips of the trees (species and subspecies). Clade I (mainly distributed in Mediterranean and alpine environments in European and western Asiatic mountain chains) fully coincided with subg. Plectolobum, whereas subg. Helianthemum was retrieved in clade II (arid and semi-arid environments from Macaronesia, the Mediterranean, subtropical northern Africa, Anatolia and central Asia) and clade III (Mediterranean ecosystems around the Mediterranean Basin). The burst of diversification during the Plio-Pleistocene detected in the three main clades of Helianthemum is concomitant with the Messinian salinity crisis, the onset of Mediterranean climatic conditions, and Quaternary glaciations, as found in many other groups of Mediterranean plants. Thus, the general lack of resolution in the trees can be attributed to rapid species diversification and events of reticulate evolution. A series of further taxonomic and evolutionary inferences can be drawn from our analyses: (i) no species occupied an early-diverging position with regard the rest of the species; (ii) a close relationship between H. caput-felis and subg. Plectolobum; (iii) an unexpected close relationship between H. squamatum/ H. syriacum (and H. motae), H. lunulatum/ H. pomeridianum and among H. songaricum/ H. antitauricum/ H. germanicopolitanum; (iv) a close relationship between incertae sedis species and sect. Eri...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA‐sequences: Systematic and evolutionary inferences

Aparicio

Martín-Hernanz

Parejo-Farnés

et al. 2017

TAXON

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“…A handful of studies, all published in the last decade, have investigated the phylogenetic origins of individual IT elements [e.g. Cousinia (Asteraceae): López‐Vinyallonga et al, ; Isatis (Brassicaceae): Moazzeni et al, ; Scrophularia (Scrophulariceae): Attar et al, ; Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae): Jabbour & Renner, ; Haplophyllum (Rutaceae): Salvo et al, ; Alcea (Malvaceae): Escobar‐García et al, ; Limonium (Plumbaginaceae): Akhani et al, ; Centaurea (Asteraceae): Hilpold et al, ; Erysimum (Brassicaceae): Moazzeni et al, ; Eremurus , Asphodelus , and Asphodeline (Xanthorrhoeaceae): Naderi Safar et al, ; Acanthophyllum (Caryophyllaceae): Pirani et al, ]. Moreover, few studies have explicitly addressed the spatial and temporal relationships between the IT region and adjacent ones, such as the Saharo‐Arabian and Mediterranean regions [e.g.…”

Section: Evolutionary Perspectives On the Irano‐turanian Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visions of the past and dreams of the future in the Orient: the Irano‐Turanian region from classical botany to evolutionary studies

2016

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Ever since the 19th century, the immense arid lands of the Orient, now called the Irano-Turanian (IT) floristic region, attracted the interest of European naturalists with their tremendous plant biodiversity. Covering approximately 30% of the surface of Eurasia (16000000 km ), the IT region is one of the largest floristic regions of the world. The IT region represents one of the hotspots of evolutionary and biological diversity in the Old World, and serves as a source of xerophytic taxa for neighbouring regions. Moreover, it is the cradle of the numerous species domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. Over the last 200 years, naturalists outlined different borders for the IT region. Yet, the delimitation and evolutionary history of this area remain one of the least well-understood fields of global biogeography, even though it is crucial to explaining the distribution of life in Eurasia. No comprehensive review of the biogeographical delimitations nor of the role of geological and climatic changes in the evolution of the IT region is currently available. After considering the key role of floristic regions in biogeography, we review the history of evolving concepts about the borders and composition of the IT region over the past 200 years and outline a tentative circumscription for it. We also summarise current knowledge on the geological and climatic history of the IT region. We then use this knowledge to generate specific evolutionary hypotheses to explain how different geological, palaeoclimatic, and ecological factors contributed to range expansion and contraction, thus shaping patterns of speciation in the IT region over time and space. Both historical and ecological biogeography should be applied to understand better the floristic diversification of the region. This will ultimately require evolutionary comparative analyses based on integrative phylogenetic, geological, climatic, ecological, and species distribution studies on the region. Furthermore, an understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes will play a major role in regional planning for protecting biodiversity of the IT region in facing climatic change. With this review, we aim to introduce the IT floristic region to a broader audience of evolutionary, ecological and systematic biologists, thus promoting cutting-edge research on this area and raising awareness of this vast and diverse, yet understudied, part of the world.

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“…For example, A. flavovirens and A. glabrata differ only in the size of the carpel and width of wing (PAKRAVAN, 2008). ESCOBAR et al (2012) with using three molecular markers (nrDNA ITS and the plastid spacers psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF), showed that a phylogeny of Alcea and test previous infrageneric taxonomic hypotheses as well as its monophyly with respect to Althaea, a genus with which it has often been merged. They additionally discuss morphological variation and the utility of morphological characters as predictors of phylogenetic relationships.…”

Section: Morphometric Analysesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…From an industrial and medicinal point of view, Alcea is among the most important genera recognized in the family Malvaceae. Molecular-phylogenetic data also support the monophyly and distinctness (as suggested by morphological data) of Alcea but they are of limited use in determining relationships between species and species delimitations (ESCOBAR et al, 2012). Alcea exhibits a considerable taxonomic complexity (ZOHARY, 1963a,b;RIEDL, 1976;TOWNSEND, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Population genetic structure and gene flow in Alcea aucheri (Boiss.) Alef.: A potential medicinal plant

et al. 2021

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The genus Alcea, a member of Malvaceae family consists of approximately 75 species worldwide distributing mainly in South-West Asia. Among these, 33 species grow in Iran. Plants of the Alcea (or Althaea) are among important medicinal plants in Iranian traditional medicine. They have long been used in the treatment of health problems and diseases. Alcea aucheri (Boiss.) Alef. species are distributed in different habitats of Iran. There is no information on its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and morphological variability in Iran. Therefore, due to the importance of these plant species, we performed a combination of morphological and molecular data for this species. For this study, we used 118 randomly collected plants from 10 geographical populations in 5 provinces. AMOVA test revealed significant genetic difference among the studied populations and also revealed that, 74% of total genetic variability was due to within population diversity while, 26% was due to among population genetic differentiation. Mantel test showed positive significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. Networking, STRUCTURE analyses revealed some degree of gene flow among these populations.

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Phylogenetic relationships in the species–rich Irano–Turanian genus Alcea (Malvaceae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA‐sequences: Systematic and evolutionary inferences

Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA‐sequences: Systematic and evolutionary inferences

Visions of the past and dreams of the future in the Orient: the Irano‐Turanian region from classical botany to evolutionary studies

Population genetic structure and gene flow in Alcea aucheri (Boiss.) Alef.: A potential medicinal plant

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