“…A total of 25 ml PCR mixture consisted of 0.5 ml of 0.2mM dNTPs, 10 pmol of each primer, 1.25U of Taq polymerase, and 1 ml of 15mM MgCl 2 from Vivantis were prepared. PCR was performed using MyGene MG96G Thermalcycler or Thermocycler Perkin Elmer 240 under different conditions for each primer combination, starting with initial denaturation for 3 minutes at 94°C, followed by 39 cycles; denaturation for 1 min at 92°C, annealing for 1 min at 47°C, an extension for 1 min at 72°C and final extension for 5 mins at 72°C (Mohammed, Aman-Zuki, Yusof, S., Md-Zain, & Yaakop 2017;Halim et al, 2018;Aman-Zuki, Mohammed, Md Zain, & Yaakop 2019). Two sets of universal primers used were COI [Ron (5' GGA TCA CCT CAT ATA GCA TTC CC 3') (Forward); Nancy (5' CCC GGT AAA AAT TAA AAT ATA AAC TTC 3') (Reverse)] (Simon et al, 1994;Monteiro & Pierce, 2001) and Cytb [(CB-J-10933 5' TCT TTT TGA GGA GCW ACW GTW ATT AC 3'; CB-N-11367 5' AAT TGA ACG TAA AAT WGT RTA AGC AA 3'] (Smith, Kambhampati, Völkl, & Mackauer, 1999; to yield 600 bp and 560 bp fragments.…”