Phylogenetic Relationships of Guimaraesiella and Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from Babblers and Non-Babblers (Passeriformes)

Tian, Chunpo; Yu, Xiaoping; Wang, Zhengzhen; Zou, Fasheng; Gustafsson, Daniel

doi:10.1645/21-91

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For all specimens, we attempted to amplify three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, 16S) and three nuclear markers (EF-1α, hyp, TMEDE6), following the protocols used by Gustafsson and Olsson (2012), Sweet et al (2014), andTian et al (2022). PCRs were performed using Cytiva PureTaq Ready-To-Go beads (GE Healthcare, Vienna, Austria), following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolutionary analysis of the Philopteroides Mey, 2004 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitizing bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae)

Ren

Gustafsson²,

Tian³

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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IntroductionAvian head lice comprise a diverse group of distantly related genera of lice that exhibit a strongly convergent morphology. Due to their lack of free-living stages, their strong morphological adaptations to living on the host’s head, and the limited opportunities for transfer between hosts during mating or nesting, the lateral transmission of head lice between non-conspecific hosts may be presumed to be restricted. Despite this, many species of head lice are ostensibly host generalists. We here examine lice of the head louse genus Philopteroides Mey, 2004, from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae).MethodsWe use two different methods, ParaFit and Jane, to get insights on the co-evolutionary history of Philopteroides species and their bulbul hosts. Jane was run with a variation of event costs.ResultsOur phylogenetic analysis indicate that several morphologically cryptic species can be found in this group, most of which appear to be host specific. However, co-phylogenetic analyses indicate that host-switching has been common in the history of these lice, and co-speciation events have been rarer than expected. Moreover, lowest-cost co-evolutionary reconstructions under a variety of event costs are indistinguishable from random. An expanded dataset with more Philopterus-complex lice was found to be evenly balanced between host-switching and co-speciation events.DiscussionThe transfer of avian head lice between host species is poorly understood, but evidently fairly common. Several potential routes are discussed, but direct evidence is missing. Potentially, the presence of multiple bulbul species at fruiting trees may be an important factor in this transfer. However, such transfer routes also do not explain why Philopteroides lice on bulbuls appear to be distinct from those of other hosts. Moreover, as many of the species recovered in our analysis are morphologically indistinguishable, cryptic speciation appears to be common in this group.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%