Phylogenetic relationships of Mediterranean Neottieae and Orchideae (Orchidaceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences

Abstract

Sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA were collected from 27 terrestrial Mediterranean orchid species. These data were included in parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. Tree topologies from the parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses were largely congruent. Both topologies shows that Neottieae are strongly supported as monophyletic (MP = 100% and ML = 86%). Within Orchideae, Dactylorhiza + Orchis + Neotinea are sister groups; the Himantoglossum + Anacamptis clase is well delimited by the cy1ological synapomorphy of n = 18, in both parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis; Serapias is monophyletic according to molecular evidence, though it does not exist unequivocal distinction between the tetraploid S. lingua and the remaining diploid species; section Pseudophrys of genus Ophrys is isolated, showing unequivocal morphological (type of labellum and pollination) and karyological (tetraploid species with 2n = 72) cohesion. Resume.-Des sequences de Ia region ITS (espaceur interne transcrit) de I'ADN ribosomal ont ete obtenues pour vingt sept especes d'orchidees mediterraneenes terrestres. Les donnees ont ete analysees en maximum de parcimonie (MP) et maximum de vraisemblance (ML). Les topologies des arbres obtenus sont congruentes. Les deux topologies suggerent clairement que les Neottieae son! monophyletiques (MP = 100% et ML = 86%). Parmi les Orchideae, les Dactylorhiza + Orchis + Neotinea son! des groupes-freres. Les analyses MP et ML montrent que le groupe Himantoglossum + Anacamptis est bien delimite par Ia synapomorphie cy1ologique de n = 18. Quoique les donnees moleculaires soutiennent Ia monophylie de Serapias, il n'existe pas une distinction claire entre le tetraplo"ide S. lingua et les especes diplo"ides. La section Pseudophrys du genre Ophrys se trouve isolee, ce qui supporte une coherence morphologique (type de Iabeiie et pollinisation) et caryologique (especes tetraplo"ides avec 2n = 72).

Phylogeography and genetic structure of the orchid Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. across its European central–marginal gradient

“…The genus Himantoglossum is not well‐delimited, and hybridization among species (e.g. with H. adriaticum in southern Italy) seems to take place frequently (Bernardos et al. , 2006).…”

Polyploidy and speciation in the orchid flora of the Iberian Peninsula

“…a historical absence of divergence. The lack of phylogenetic resolution observed in Ophrys taxa (Soliva et al 2001;Bateman et al 2003;Bernardos et al 2005aBernardos et al , 2006b suggests a recent and rapid colonization of the Mediterranean Basin with insufficient time having elapsed for molecular divergence.…”

Composition, geographical affinities and endemism of the Iberian Peninsula orchid flora

“…With 10 genera and 88 species (Table 4) this is the best represented subtribe in the Iberian Peninsula. Several clusters of genera can be recognized in the Iberian Orchidinae (Bernardos et al 2006b). The Ophrys group is the best adapted to drought and arid conditions, as might be expected of a taxon that speciated in the Mediterranean Basin.…”

“…Ophrys (Bernardos et al 2003b), or have been the focus of morphometric, micromorphological and/or molecular studies, such as Dactylorhiza (Vermeulen 1970), Epipactis (Klein 1979, Bernardos et al 2004aBernardos et al , 2005bBernardos et al , 2006b and Ophrys sect. Pseudophrys (Bernardos et al 2005a).…”

“…on Cephalanthera (Alarcón and Aedo 2002) and Nigritella (Sáez 2004). A number of genera have been karyologically studied, such as Epipactis (Bernardos et al 2003a) and Ophrys (Bernardos et al 2003b), or have been the focus of morphometric, micromorphological and/or molecular studies, such as Dactylorhiza (Vermeulen 1970), Epipactis (Klein 1979, Bernardos et al 2004aBernardos et al , 2005bBernardos et al , 2006b and…”