Phylogenetic relationships of the anamorphic genus Fusicladium s. lat. as inferred by ITS nrDNA data

Beck, Andreas; Ritschel, Anja; Schubert, K.; Braun, Uwe; Triebel, Dagmar

doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0114-8

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies on rDNA-ITS phylogenies reflected closely the co-evolution between Venturia species and respective tree-fruit hosts (Schnabel et al 1999;Beck et al 2005). Nevertheless, the species boundaries within a host genus are less distinct (Bowen et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Subsequently, systematic morphological comparision, mating and pathogenicity tests were carried out on isolates collected from Japanese pear, Chinese pear and European pear, and distinctions in conidia and ascospore morphology, existence of a sexual barrier and host specificity proved that V. nashicola was distinct from V. pirina (Ishii and Yanase 2000). However, previous phylogenetic analysis did not support the monophyly of these two species due to limited taxon sampling and the phylogenetic difference of V. nashicola from V. pirina was not supported by rDNA-ITS phylogeny alone (Schnabel et al 1999;Beck et al 2005). In comparison with previous phylogenetic research, in the current study it was highlighted that studies on genetic relationships might decrease the incongruence of results and avoid the influence of topology discrepancy using more diverse isolates (Lievens et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, the relationship between V. nashicola and V. pirina could not be clarified on the basis of rDNA sequence similarity alone due to very limited taxon sampling. Thereafter, Beck et al (2005) analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Venturia and its proposed anamorphic genus Fusicladium s. lat. (incl.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multigene phylogenetic analysis of inter- and intraspecific relationships in Venturia nashicola and V. pirina

et al. 2011

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Isolates of Venturia species isolated from pear in Japan, China, Taiwan and Israel were used in this study to analyze their molecular phylogenetic relationship. The nucleotides of rDNA-ITS, partial β-tubulin and elongation factor 1α genes were sequenced directly after PCR. Based on these sequence data two phylogenetic groups could be distinguished. Isolates collected from Asian pears such as Japanese and Chinese pears formed a distinct evolutionary lineage from those derived from European and Syrian pears. This result corroborated the early taxonomic separation of V. nashicola from V. pirina. In addition, trees from single-locus data sets and the combined data set showed that all isolates of V. nashicola were included in a monophyletic group and representative isolates of five pathological races originating from different locations and cultivars formed a single lineage. In contrast, two distinct evolutionary lineages were revealed in V. pirina and isolates of five races were scattered in two lineages. Israeli isolates of race 2 as well as two Japanese isolates of V. pirina formed a distinct lineage from other isolates of this species, while other Israeli isolates belonging to races 1, 3, 4, and 5 were closely related to each other and formed another lineage. It was indicated that the evolution of pathological races in V. nashicola might have occurred relatively recently as compared with V. pirina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Multigene phylogenetic analysis of inter- and intraspecific relationships in Venturia nashicola and V. pirina

et al. 2011

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“…Cladosporium caryigenum) is regarded as the most important pecan disease in the southeastern United States and other humid regions of eastern South Africa, southern Brazil, and northeastern Mexico where the species is cultivated (Beck et al, 2005). Although some authors identify F. effusum as the source of pecan scab in Brazil, no studies have provided genetic evidence of the existence of this pathogen in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cladosporium cladosporioides species complex causing pecan tree leaf spot

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to characterize species of the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex isolated from pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis) with symptoms of leaf spot, based on morphological and molecular approaches. Morphological attributes were assessed using monosporic cultures on potato dextrose agar medium, which were examined for mycelial growth, sporulation, color, and conidia and ramoconidia size. Molecular characterization comprised isolation of DNA and subsequent amplification of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) region. Three species of the C. cladosporioides complex were identified: C. cladosporioides, Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, and Cladosporium subuliforme. Sporulation was the most important characteristic differentiating 2 C. Walker et al. Genetics and Molecular Research 15 (3): gmr.15038714 species of this genus. However, morphological features must be considered together with molecular analysis, as certain characters are indistinguishable between species. TEF-1α can be effectively used to identify and group isolates belonging to the C. cladosporioides complex. The present study provides an important example of a methodology to ascertain similarity between isolates of this complex causing leaf spot in pecan trees, which should facilitate future pathogenicity studies.

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“…Cladosporium caryigenum, Fusicladosporium effusum) is a hemibiotrophic fungus in the family Venturiaceae with an unknown telemorph stage and is the casual agent of the most economically important disease of pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wang) K. Koch), pecan scab (Schubert and Braun 2002;Stevenson 1999). The taxonomy of the fungus has been revised several times in the last decade, and the most recent classification as F. effusum was based on both conventional methods as well as analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (nuclear DNA) and cytochrome bc1 (mitochondrial DNA) sequence data (Beck et al 2005;Braun et al 2003;Schubert et al 2003;Schubert and Braun 2002;Seyran et al 2009). The management of pecan scab relies primarily on multiple fungicide applications during the growing season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro toxicity of alternative oxidase inhibitors salicylhydroxamic acid and propyl gallate on Fusicladium effusum

Seyran

Stevenson

2010

J Pest Sci

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Pecan scab, caused by the fungus Fusicladium effusum (syn. Cladosporium caryigenum and Fusicladosporium effusum), is the most devastating disease of the commercial pecan (Carya illinoinensis) production in Southeastern United States. Disease control depends primarily on multiple applications of fungicides per season. Fungicides available for scab control include those in the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) group. QoI fungicides have a high level of resistance risk and in vitro sensitivity assays are essential to monitor development of resistance in populations of F. effusum. In vitro assays were conducted to determine sensitivity of F. effusum to the QoI fungicide azoxystrobin. In vitro assays were conducted with and without the addition of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to inhibit alternative oxidase (AOX) and eliminate the rescue impact of AOX on fungal respiration in the presence of QoI fungicides. When 0.653 mM SHAM was added to the medium, growth of a majority of the isolates was significantly reduced, even in the absence of fungicide. Of the 89 isolates tested, only 21 showed a dose response to azoxystrobin. Growth of the other 68 isolates was insufficient to measure a dose response. Only 18 isolates showed a clear dose response to azoxystrobin both with and without SHAM, but the calculated EC 50 values were significantly different (P \ 0.0001). Further experiments were performed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of SHAM and another AOX inhibitor, propyl gallate (PG) on hyphal growth derived from mycelial fragments of F. effusum in liquid medium in microtiter plates and hyphal growth derived from germinated conidia on solid medium in the absence of fungicide. Even at the lowest concentrations tested, both SHAM and PG (0.01 and 0.25 mM, respectively) inhibited hyphal growth of F. effusum in liquid medium and on solid medium. These results suggest the role of AOX and possible auxiliary toxicity of these inhibitors in F. effusum physiology. Due to the toxic effects of these AOX inhibitors on F. effusum in vitro, future sensitivity profiling for QoIs will be performed without the addition of these inhibitors.

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Phylogenetic relationships of the anamorphic genus Fusicladium s. lat. as inferred by ITS nrDNA data

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Multigene phylogenetic analysis of inter- and intraspecific relationships in Venturia nashicola and V. pirina

Multigene phylogenetic analysis of inter- and intraspecific relationships in Venturia nashicola and V. pirina

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cladosporium cladosporioides species complex causing pecan tree leaf spot

In vitro toxicity of alternative oxidase inhibitors salicylhydroxamic acid and propyl gallate on Fusicladium effusum

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